Summary of the kinematics associated with cranio-cervical movements in Tupinambis merianae during intraoral transport and pharyngeal packing of adult and newborn mice
| . | Intraoral transport . | . | Pharyngeal packing . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Newborn . | Adult . | Newborn . | Adult . | ||
| Number of feeding events | 8 | 7 | 9 | 6 | ||
| Number of cycles analyzed | 16 | 13 | 17 | 16 | ||
| Time to minimal vertical displacement of the cranium (ms) | 122±37 | 149±55 | 157±61 | 116±48 | ||
| Time to maximal vertical displacement of the cranium (ms) | 478±32 | 503±91 | 384±42 | 404±47 | ||
| Minimal head slope (deg.) | 94.8±1.4 | 87.4±3.8 | 95.7±1.6 | 85.6±3.7 | ||
| Time to minimal head slope (ms) | 363±44 | 500±73 | 322±47 | 343±60 | ||
| Maximal head slope (deg.) | 111.4±1.3 | 116.3±3.5 | 108.7±1.3 | 106.4±1.9 | ||
| Time to maximal head slope (ms) | 244±32 | 142±54 | 213±42 | 174±46 | ||
| Total rotation of the head (deg.) | 16.6±1.2 | 28.9±2.7 | 13.0±1.3 | 20.8±2.6 | ||
| Head slope at mouth opening (deg.) | 103.7±1.5 | 113.6±3.7 | 102.1±1.0 | 98.4±2.2 | ||
| Minimal neck slope (deg.) | 68.0±1.6 | 65.7±4.4 | 58.4±2.5 | 44.7±1.9 | ||
| Time to maximal neck slope (ms) | 417±54 | 533±87 | 283±46 | 400±59 | ||
| Maximal neck slope (deg.) | 80.7±1.4 | 84.3±4.7 | 72.0±1.4 | 57.5±0.5 | ||
| Time to maximal neck slope (ms) | 137±32 | 90±53 | 146±41 | 218±59 | ||
| Total rotation of the neck (deg.) | 12.7±0.8 | 18.5±2.7 | 13.7±1.8 | 12.8±1.6 | ||
| Neck slope at mouth opening (deg.) | 77.1±1.6 | 79.3±4.0 | 67.0±2.0 | 51.5±1.6 | ||
| Minimal head angle (deg.) | 141.4±1.2 | 134.7±3.0 | 133.8±2.2 | 123.3±1.8 | ||
| Time to minimal head angle (ms) | 325±57 | 330±82 | 305±38 | 229±42 | ||
| Maximal head angle (deg.) | 161.5±1.4 | 165.6±2.4 | 151.6±1.7 | 148.3±2.8 | ||
| Time to maximal head angle (ms) | 347±66 | 819±115 | 266±52 | 570±77 | ||
| Total rotation of the cranium relative to the neck (deg.) | 20.1±1.2 | 30.9±3.0 | 17.8±1.7 | 25.1±3.3 | ||
| Head angle at mouth opening (deg.) | 153.4±1.5 | 144.6±2.2 | 145.0±1.8 | 132.9±1.8 | ||
| . | Intraoral transport . | . | Pharyngeal packing . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Newborn . | Adult . | Newborn . | Adult . | ||
| Number of feeding events | 8 | 7 | 9 | 6 | ||
| Number of cycles analyzed | 16 | 13 | 17 | 16 | ||
| Time to minimal vertical displacement of the cranium (ms) | 122±37 | 149±55 | 157±61 | 116±48 | ||
| Time to maximal vertical displacement of the cranium (ms) | 478±32 | 503±91 | 384±42 | 404±47 | ||
| Minimal head slope (deg.) | 94.8±1.4 | 87.4±3.8 | 95.7±1.6 | 85.6±3.7 | ||
| Time to minimal head slope (ms) | 363±44 | 500±73 | 322±47 | 343±60 | ||
| Maximal head slope (deg.) | 111.4±1.3 | 116.3±3.5 | 108.7±1.3 | 106.4±1.9 | ||
| Time to maximal head slope (ms) | 244±32 | 142±54 | 213±42 | 174±46 | ||
| Total rotation of the head (deg.) | 16.6±1.2 | 28.9±2.7 | 13.0±1.3 | 20.8±2.6 | ||
| Head slope at mouth opening (deg.) | 103.7±1.5 | 113.6±3.7 | 102.1±1.0 | 98.4±2.2 | ||
| Minimal neck slope (deg.) | 68.0±1.6 | 65.7±4.4 | 58.4±2.5 | 44.7±1.9 | ||
| Time to maximal neck slope (ms) | 417±54 | 533±87 | 283±46 | 400±59 | ||
| Maximal neck slope (deg.) | 80.7±1.4 | 84.3±4.7 | 72.0±1.4 | 57.5±0.5 | ||
| Time to maximal neck slope (ms) | 137±32 | 90±53 | 146±41 | 218±59 | ||
| Total rotation of the neck (deg.) | 12.7±0.8 | 18.5±2.7 | 13.7±1.8 | 12.8±1.6 | ||
| Neck slope at mouth opening (deg.) | 77.1±1.6 | 79.3±4.0 | 67.0±2.0 | 51.5±1.6 | ||
| Minimal head angle (deg.) | 141.4±1.2 | 134.7±3.0 | 133.8±2.2 | 123.3±1.8 | ||
| Time to minimal head angle (ms) | 325±57 | 330±82 | 305±38 | 229±42 | ||
| Maximal head angle (deg.) | 161.5±1.4 | 165.6±2.4 | 151.6±1.7 | 148.3±2.8 | ||
| Time to maximal head angle (ms) | 347±66 | 819±115 | 266±52 | 570±77 | ||
| Total rotation of the cranium relative to the neck (deg.) | 20.1±1.2 | 30.9±3.0 | 17.8±1.7 | 25.1±3.3 | ||
| Head angle at mouth opening (deg.) | 153.4±1.5 | 144.6±2.2 | 145.0±1.8 | 132.9±1.8 | ||
Table entries are means ± standard error of the mean. See Materials and methods for details