The Company of Biologists

Appendix B

Steady speed Fourier coefficients during level trotting at 2.86 m s^-1

Vertical force curves

	a_1,fore (BW)	b_2,fore (BW)	a_3,fore (BW)
U	1.06±0.02	-0.071±0.014	0.051±0.008
M	1.05±0.03	-0.025±0.015^*	0.061±0.013
F	1.08±0.02	-0.041±0.011^*	0.064±0.012^*
H	1.02±0.03^*	-0.039±0.015^*	0.062±0.011
X̄	1.05	-0.044	0.060

	a_1,fore (BW)	b_2,fore (BW)	a_3,fore (BW)
U	1.06±0.02	-0.071±0.014	0.051±0.008
M	1.05±0.03	-0.025±0.015^*	0.061±0.013
F	1.08±0.02	-0.041±0.011^*	0.064±0.012^*
H	1.02±0.03^*	-0.039±0.015^*	0.062±0.011
X̄	1.05	-0.044	0.060

	a_1,hind (BW)	b_2,hind (BW)	a_3,hind (BW)
U	0.708±0.016	-0.079±0.008	0.019±0.003
M	0.640±0.010^*	-0.060±0.011^*	0.010±0.006^*
F	0.636±0.015^*	-0.058±0.010^*	0.013±0.004^*
H	0.706±0.021	-0.060±0.010^*	0.011±0.006^*
X̄	0.673	0.064	0.013

	a_1,hind (BW)	b_2,hind (BW)	a_3,hind (BW)
U	0.708±0.016	-0.079±0.008	0.019±0.003
M	0.640±0.010^*	-0.060±0.011^*	0.010±0.006^*
F	0.636±0.015^*	-0.058±0.010^*	0.013±0.004^*
H	0.706±0.021	-0.060±0.010^*	0.011±0.006^*
X̄	0.673	0.064	0.013

Fore-aft force curves
	a_1,fore	b_2,fore	a_3,fore
U	-0.052±0.004	0.149±0.005	-0.002±0.005
M	-0.055±0.006	0.143±0.006	-0.012±0.004^*
F	-0.045±0.005^*	0.153±0.005	-0.007±0.004
H	-0.050±0.007	0.139±0.006^*	-0.004±0.005
X̄	-0.051	0.146	-0.006

Fore-aft force curves
	a_1,fore	b_2,fore	a_3,fore
U	-0.052±0.004	0.149±0.005	-0.002±0.005
M	-0.055±0.006	0.143±0.006	-0.012±0.004^*
F	-0.045±0.005^*	0.153±0.005	-0.007±0.004
H	-0.050±0.007	0.139±0.006^*	-0.004±0.005
X̄	-0.051	0.146	-0.006

	a_1,hind	b_2,hind	a_3,hind
U	0.087±0.005	0.075±0.004	0.004±0.003
M	0.085±0.005	0.069±0.005^*	0.002±0.004
F	0.073±0.006^*	0.070±0.003^*	0.004±0.003
H	0.076±0.007^*	0.083±0.006^*	0.005±0.005
X̄	0.080	0.074	0.004

	a_1,hind	b_2,hind	a_3,hind
U	0.087±0.005	0.075±0.004	0.004±0.003
M	0.085±0.005	0.069±0.005^*	0.002±0.004
F	0.073±0.006^*	0.070±0.003^*	0.004±0.003
H	0.076±0.007^*	0.083±0.006^*	0.005±0.005
X̄	0.080	0.074	0.004

Values are ± 95% C.I. for each loading condition and overall means are shown.

Significant differences (P<0.05) from the unloaded condition are indicated by asterisks.

U, unloaded; M, mid-load; F, fore-load; H, hind-load.

For an explanation of the Fourier coefficients a₁, a₂ and b₂, see Materials and methods.