The Company of Biologists

Table 2.

Mean vertical force, mean fore-aft acceleration and vertical impulse ratio

	Loading condition	Dog	F̄_z (BW)	Ā_y (BW)	R	R₀
(^A)
	U	A	1.037	0.0037	0.663	0.665
	U	B	0.987	0.0535	0.640	0.678
	U	C	1.075	0.0248	0.658	0.676
	U	D	1.055	-0.0155	0.626	0.615
	U	E	1.027	0.0142	0.596	0.606
	U	X̄	1.036±0.015	0.0161±0.0115	0.637±0.012	0.648±0.016
	M	A	0.998	-0.0330	0.693	0.670
	M	B	0.927	0.0097	0.671	0.678
	M	C	1.010	0.0200	0.684	0.698
	M	D	1.004	0.0093	0.637	0.644
	M	E	0.995	0.0042	0.617	0.619
	M	X̄	0.987±0.015	0.0020±0.0091	0.660±0.015	0.662±0.014
	F	A	0.976	-0.0323	0.712	0.689
	F	B	0.957	0.0050	0.682	0.685
	F	C	0.999	0.0211	0.700	0.715
	F	D	1.009	-0.0392	0.682	0.654
	F	E	0.976	0.0023	0.629	0.631
	F	X̄	0.983±0.009	-0.0086±0.0116	0.681±0.014	0.675±0.015
	H	A	1.013	0.0056	0.644	0.648
	H	B	0.974	-0.0034	0.628	0.626
	H	C	1.017	0.0158	0.629	0.640
	H	D	1.004	-0.0101	0.591	0.584
	H	E	1.005	0.0329	0.566	0.589
	H	X̄	1.002±0.008	0.0082±0.0076	0.612±0.015	0.617±0.013
(^B)
	U vs. M		-0.049^{^***}	-0.0141^{^ns}	0.024^{^**}	0.014^{^ns}
	U vs. F		-0.053^{^***}	-0.0248^{^ns}	0.044^{^***}	0.027^{^**}
	U vs. H		-0.034^{^**}	-0.0080^{^ns}	-0.025^{^***}	-0.031^{^**}
	M vs. F		-0.004^{^ns}	-0.0107^{^ns}	0.021^{^**}	0.013^{^ns}
	M vs. H		0.016^{^ns}	0.0061^{^ns}	-0.049^{^***}	-0.044^{^***}
	F vs. H		0.019^{^ns}	0.0168^{^ns}	-0.069^{^***}	-0.057^{^***}

	Loading condition	Dog	F̄_z (BW)	Ā_y (BW)	R	R₀
(^A)
	U	A	1.037	0.0037	0.663	0.665
	U	B	0.987	0.0535	0.640	0.678
	U	C	1.075	0.0248	0.658	0.676
	U	D	1.055	-0.0155	0.626	0.615
	U	E	1.027	0.0142	0.596	0.606
	U	X̄	1.036±0.015	0.0161±0.0115	0.637±0.012	0.648±0.016
	M	A	0.998	-0.0330	0.693	0.670
	M	B	0.927	0.0097	0.671	0.678
	M	C	1.010	0.0200	0.684	0.698
	M	D	1.004	0.0093	0.637	0.644
	M	E	0.995	0.0042	0.617	0.619
	M	X̄	0.987±0.015	0.0020±0.0091	0.660±0.015	0.662±0.014
	F	A	0.976	-0.0323	0.712	0.689
	F	B	0.957	0.0050	0.682	0.685
	F	C	0.999	0.0211	0.700	0.715
	F	D	1.009	-0.0392	0.682	0.654
	F	E	0.976	0.0023	0.629	0.631
	F	X̄	0.983±0.009	-0.0086±0.0116	0.681±0.014	0.675±0.015
	H	A	1.013	0.0056	0.644	0.648
	H	B	0.974	-0.0034	0.628	0.626
	H	C	1.017	0.0158	0.629	0.640
	H	D	1.004	-0.0101	0.591	0.584
	H	E	1.005	0.0329	0.566	0.589
	H	X̄	1.002±0.008	0.0082±0.0076	0.612±0.015	0.617±0.013
(^B)
	U vs. M		-0.049^{^***}	-0.0141^{^ns}	0.024^{^**}	0.014^{^ns}
	U vs. F		-0.053^{^***}	-0.0248^{^ns}	0.044^{^***}	0.027^{^**}
	U vs. H		-0.034^{^**}	-0.0080^{^ns}	-0.025^{^***}	-0.031^{^**}
	M vs. F		-0.004^{^ns}	-0.0107^{^ns}	0.021^{^**}	0.013^{^ns}
	M vs. H		0.016^{^ns}	0.0061^{^ns}	-0.049^{^***}	-0.044^{^***}
	F vs. H		0.019^{^ns}	0.0168^{^ns}	-0.069^{^***}	-0.057^{^***}

F̄_z, mean vertical force; Ā_y, mean fore-aft acceleration; R, vertical impulse ratio; R₀, R at steady speed.

Sample means are given for each dog and loading condition (U, unloaded; M,mid-load; F, fore-load; H, hind-load).

BW, body weight, or 110% body weight during experimental loading.

See the text for parameter definitions.

(A)

values are means for each dog and group means ± s.e.m.for each loading condition

(B)

Differences between means of each loading condition (e.g. `U vs.M' was computed as M̄-Ū). Asterisks indicate the results of Tukey-Kramer tests comparing each loading condition to the other

***

P<0.001

P<0.01, ^*P<0.05

P>0.05)

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