Table 5.

Percent systemic cardiac output(%Q̇sys) and absolute blood flow (μl min−1 kg−1) to the various tissues of 5°C- and 21°C-acclimated turtles during routine normoxic and anoxic conditions and following anoxic injections of phenylephrine and phentolamine

%Q̇sys
Tissue flow (μl min−1 g−1)
Acclimation temperatureTissueRelative mass (%)Routine normoxiaRoutine anoxiaPhenylephrine (50 μg kg−1)Phentolamine (3 mg kg−1)Routine normoxiaRoutine anoxiaPhenylephrine (50 μg kg−1)Phentolamine (3 mg kg−1)
5°C Integument 4.4±0.2 6.3±1.3‡ 6.1±1.1 3.4±0.4 5.3±0.8 20.9±4.9a 5.0±1.0 2.6±0.5 6.6±1.9 
 Muscle 19.7±0.9 11.1±1.5 12.3±1.4a 17.0±2.9b 19.1±1.8b 8.7±1.7‡a 2.4±0.4 2.9±0.6 5.5±1.4 
 Bone 6.6±0.6 8.2±0.9 7.2±1.0 5.5±1.1 9.1±0.7 23.0±5.1‡a 4.7±1.0 3.3±0.8 8.8±2.0 
 Stomach 2.3±0.4 2.6±1.3 1.2±0.3 0.8±0.2 1.0±0.4 31.8±18.1a 2.4±0.5 1.6±0.4 2.2±0.7 
 Intestines 4.8±0.8 4.2±0.8‡ 3.6±1.5 3.0±1.0 4.1±1.6 17.8±4.8‡a 3.3±1.3 2.5±0.8 4.9±1.7 
 Spleen 0.3±0.1 1.6±0.9 0.5±0.1 0.6±0.4 0.5±0.2 100.0±50.78a 9.8±3.2 8.0±3.9 13.9±5.9 
 Ventricle 0.2±0.02 0.7±0.3 0.8±0.3 0.6±0.2 0.8±0.4 38.4±15.5a 11.1±4.1 8.2±3.2 13.3±5.9 
 Atria 0.07±0.02 0.2±0.05 0.4±0.1 0.5±0.08 0.5±0.1 40.1±9.1a 17.4±4.2 19.7±5.2 22.8±4.2 
 Brain 0.3±0.2 0.7±0.3 0.9±0.4 0.3±0.09 0.3±0.2 121.4±43.3a 38.1±16.8 13.2±4.6 15.2±11.3 
 Liver 9.4±0.6 4.8±1.1 8.3±2.1*a 27.3±6.7b 9.1±1.4a 9.3±2.2‡a 3.7±0.9b 12.8±5.5a 5.8±1.3a,b 
 Kidneys 0.9±0.3 6.0±3.2 2.7±1.7*b 3.2±2.1 1.0±0.2 223.7±160.1‡a 15.8±8.4 16.8±9.9 9.3±3.5 
 Gonads 8.7±2.6 6.9±2.5 2.6±0.4* 3.4±1.6 3.2±0.7 16.5±4.9‡a 3.2±1.6 2.5±1.2 6.3±3.5 
 Fat 2.9±0.6 1.8±0.4 1.9±0.7 1.9±0.8 2.3±0.7 7.3±1.5‡a 1.8±0.4 2.0±0.9 3.5±1.3 
 Connective tissue 1.9±0.2 1.7±0.4 0.7±0.2 0.8±0.2 1.3±0.3 21.9±4.1a 2.6±0.7 2.5±0.5 5.9±1.5 
 Shell 35.2±2.1 41.8±7.5 50.2±4.9*a 31.3±5.5b 42.5±3.0c 19.6±6.5a 5.2±0.9 3.0±0.9 6.4±1.7 
 Eyes 0.07±0.02 1.4±0.5 0.6±0.3 0.2±0.1 0.1±0.02 347.8±118.0a 41.4±17.8 13.5±6.4 12.6±3.0 
21°C Integument 4.5±0.1 2.5±0.4 4.5±1.0 5.4±0.8 4.3±0.6 32.1±7.2 20.4±7.1 20.4±3.7 26.6±5.5 
 Muscle 20.2±0.5 16.0±3.8 20.9±7.0* 16.6±3.3 22.5±6.0 41.0±11.6a 21.7±8.7b 16.0±4.9b 33.5±12.3a,b 
 Bone 6.0±0.2 7.2±1.0 10.7±1.6 8.0±1.8 12.9±4.8 58.9±11.3a 28.8±5.3a,b 19.3±3.1b 45.4±12.1a,b 
 Stomach 1.7±0.2 6.2±4.2 1.0±0.3* 3.3±1.4 0.8±0.3 84.9±31.3a 7.2±1.8b 21.0±6.3b 9.4±3.4b 
 Intestines 4.0±0.4 15.6±3.5 4.1±1.4* 10.4±7.4 3.5±1.1 185.2±59.9a 12.9±2.9 31.4±19.3 17.0±2.5 
 Spleen 0.2±0.02 0.7±0.3 0.2±0.1 0.6±0.3 0.3±0.1 217.5±116.5 8.5±4.0 41.3±30.7 24.0±11.3 
 Ventricle 0.2±0.01 8.8±5.4 6.1±3.1 1.6±0.7 3.9±2.6 2354.4±1653.6 326.2±125.0 89.7±27.9 294.3±151.1 
 Atria 0.1±0.07 1.0±0.6 0.8±0.5 0.3±0.09 0.4±0.1 2250.5±1798.2 491.4±438.4 110.4±48.7 270.9±197.5 
 Brain 0.08±0.01 0.4±0.2 3.8±1.9 0.6±0.7 0.5±0.5 145.3±71.5 480.1±305.5 95.8±81.2 3.6±21.2 
 Liver 8.4±1.0 4.3±0.8 2.7±0.9 9.5±5.1 4.9±1.8 23.7±4.3 5.3±2.1 22.0±15.4 14.9±6.8 
 Kidneys 0.6±0.05 4.3±2.5 1.2±0.5 0.4±0.2 0.8±0.2 317.9±176.7a 29.8±14.3 10.1±4.7 28.7±9.6 
 Gonads 8.5±2.3 5.0±1.9 1.9±0.8 4.6±1.9 2.8±0.9 39.5±9.6 42.6±39.3 48.5±38.8 59.6±5.14 
 Fat 3.7±0.8 1.1±0.3 1.2±0.3 1.9±0.7 1.9±0.4 18.4±4.3 8.3±2.8 11.1±4.0 17.9±4.0 
 Connective tissue 1.2±0.2 3.0±1.9 0.7±0.1 1.0±0.1 1.4±0.2 77.9±48.3 7.2±1.9 10.7±3.1 23.3±7.0 
 Shell 38.0±1.2 23.7±6.7 39.2±5.2* 35.9±7.9 39.2±7.3 35.5±11.4 19.9±4.2 17.5±4.0 29.7±6.5 
 Eyes 0.06±0.01 0.3±0.1 1.1±0.6 0.1±0.06 0.06±0.04 497.0±236.8 1450.5±1296.2 80.4±52.1 39.1±2.14 
%Q̇sys
Tissue flow (μl min−1 g−1)
Acclimation temperatureTissueRelative mass (%)Routine normoxiaRoutine anoxiaPhenylephrine (50 μg kg−1)Phentolamine (3 mg kg−1)Routine normoxiaRoutine anoxiaPhenylephrine (50 μg kg−1)Phentolamine (3 mg kg−1)
5°C Integument 4.4±0.2 6.3±1.3‡ 6.1±1.1 3.4±0.4 5.3±0.8 20.9±4.9a 5.0±1.0 2.6±0.5 6.6±1.9 
 Muscle 19.7±0.9 11.1±1.5 12.3±1.4a 17.0±2.9b 19.1±1.8b 8.7±1.7‡a 2.4±0.4 2.9±0.6 5.5±1.4 
 Bone 6.6±0.6 8.2±0.9 7.2±1.0 5.5±1.1 9.1±0.7 23.0±5.1‡a 4.7±1.0 3.3±0.8 8.8±2.0 
 Stomach 2.3±0.4 2.6±1.3 1.2±0.3 0.8±0.2 1.0±0.4 31.8±18.1a 2.4±0.5 1.6±0.4 2.2±0.7 
 Intestines 4.8±0.8 4.2±0.8‡ 3.6±1.5 3.0±1.0 4.1±1.6 17.8±4.8‡a 3.3±1.3 2.5±0.8 4.9±1.7 
 Spleen 0.3±0.1 1.6±0.9 0.5±0.1 0.6±0.4 0.5±0.2 100.0±50.78a 9.8±3.2 8.0±3.9 13.9±5.9 
 Ventricle 0.2±0.02 0.7±0.3 0.8±0.3 0.6±0.2 0.8±0.4 38.4±15.5a 11.1±4.1 8.2±3.2 13.3±5.9 
 Atria 0.07±0.02 0.2±0.05 0.4±0.1 0.5±0.08 0.5±0.1 40.1±9.1a 17.4±4.2 19.7±5.2 22.8±4.2 
 Brain 0.3±0.2 0.7±0.3 0.9±0.4 0.3±0.09 0.3±0.2 121.4±43.3a 38.1±16.8 13.2±4.6 15.2±11.3 
 Liver 9.4±0.6 4.8±1.1 8.3±2.1*a 27.3±6.7b 9.1±1.4a 9.3±2.2‡a 3.7±0.9b 12.8±5.5a 5.8±1.3a,b 
 Kidneys 0.9±0.3 6.0±3.2 2.7±1.7*b 3.2±2.1 1.0±0.2 223.7±160.1‡a 15.8±8.4 16.8±9.9 9.3±3.5 
 Gonads 8.7±2.6 6.9±2.5 2.6±0.4* 3.4±1.6 3.2±0.7 16.5±4.9‡a 3.2±1.6 2.5±1.2 6.3±3.5 
 Fat 2.9±0.6 1.8±0.4 1.9±0.7 1.9±0.8 2.3±0.7 7.3±1.5‡a 1.8±0.4 2.0±0.9 3.5±1.3 
 Connective tissue 1.9±0.2 1.7±0.4 0.7±0.2 0.8±0.2 1.3±0.3 21.9±4.1a 2.6±0.7 2.5±0.5 5.9±1.5 
 Shell 35.2±2.1 41.8±7.5 50.2±4.9*a 31.3±5.5b 42.5±3.0c 19.6±6.5a 5.2±0.9 3.0±0.9 6.4±1.7 
 Eyes 0.07±0.02 1.4±0.5 0.6±0.3 0.2±0.1 0.1±0.02 347.8±118.0a 41.4±17.8 13.5±6.4 12.6±3.0 
21°C Integument 4.5±0.1 2.5±0.4 4.5±1.0 5.4±0.8 4.3±0.6 32.1±7.2 20.4±7.1 20.4±3.7 26.6±5.5 
 Muscle 20.2±0.5 16.0±3.8 20.9±7.0* 16.6±3.3 22.5±6.0 41.0±11.6a 21.7±8.7b 16.0±4.9b 33.5±12.3a,b 
 Bone 6.0±0.2 7.2±1.0 10.7±1.6 8.0±1.8 12.9±4.8 58.9±11.3a 28.8±5.3a,b 19.3±3.1b 45.4±12.1a,b 
 Stomach 1.7±0.2 6.2±4.2 1.0±0.3* 3.3±1.4 0.8±0.3 84.9±31.3a 7.2±1.8b 21.0±6.3b 9.4±3.4b 
 Intestines 4.0±0.4 15.6±3.5 4.1±1.4* 10.4±7.4 3.5±1.1 185.2±59.9a 12.9±2.9 31.4±19.3 17.0±2.5 
 Spleen 0.2±0.02 0.7±0.3 0.2±0.1 0.6±0.3 0.3±0.1 217.5±116.5 8.5±4.0 41.3±30.7 24.0±11.3 
 Ventricle 0.2±0.01 8.8±5.4 6.1±3.1 1.6±0.7 3.9±2.6 2354.4±1653.6 326.2±125.0 89.7±27.9 294.3±151.1 
 Atria 0.1±0.07 1.0±0.6 0.8±0.5 0.3±0.09 0.4±0.1 2250.5±1798.2 491.4±438.4 110.4±48.7 270.9±197.5 
 Brain 0.08±0.01 0.4±0.2 3.8±1.9 0.6±0.7 0.5±0.5 145.3±71.5 480.1±305.5 95.8±81.2 3.6±21.2 
 Liver 8.4±1.0 4.3±0.8 2.7±0.9 9.5±5.1 4.9±1.8 23.7±4.3 5.3±2.1 22.0±15.4 14.9±6.8 
 Kidneys 0.6±0.05 4.3±2.5 1.2±0.5 0.4±0.2 0.8±0.2 317.9±176.7a 29.8±14.3 10.1±4.7 28.7±9.6 
 Gonads 8.5±2.3 5.0±1.9 1.9±0.8 4.6±1.9 2.8±0.9 39.5±9.6 42.6±39.3 48.5±38.8 59.6±5.14 
 Fat 3.7±0.8 1.1±0.3 1.2±0.3 1.9±0.7 1.9±0.4 18.4±4.3 8.3±2.8 11.1±4.0 17.9±4.0 
 Connective tissue 1.2±0.2 3.0±1.9 0.7±0.1 1.0±0.1 1.4±0.2 77.9±48.3 7.2±1.9 10.7±3.1 23.3±7.0 
 Shell 38.0±1.2 23.7±6.7 39.2±5.2* 35.9±7.9 39.2±7.3 35.5±11.4 19.9±4.2 17.5±4.0 29.7±6.5 
 Eyes 0.06±0.01 0.3±0.1 1.1±0.6 0.1±0.06 0.06±0.04 497.0±236.8 1450.5±1296.2 80.4±52.1 39.1±2.14 

Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=6 at 5°C; N=5 at 21°C).

Significant differences (P<0.05) in %Q̇sys for each tissue between routine anoxia, phenylephrine and phentolamine injections are indicated with dissimilar letters.

Significant differences (P<0.05) in absolute blood flow for each tissue between the four conditions are indicated by dissimilar letters.

*

Significant differences (P<0.05) in %Q̇sys for each tissue between routine normoxia and routine anoxia.

‡

Significant differences (P<0.05) in normoxic %Q̇sys and absolute blood flow between acclimation temperature.

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