Kinematic variables for each species feeding on ant prey
| . | Moloch horridus . | Pogona vitticeps . | Phrynosoma platyrhinos . | Uma notata . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time from onset of mouth opening (s) | ||||
| (1) Onset of tongue protraction | 0.025±0.018 | 0.108±0.018 | 0.113±0.074 | 0.095±0.021 |
| (2) Prey contact | 0.055±0.019 | 0.241±0.061 | 0.218±0.100 | 0.166±0.028 |
| (3) Maximum tongue protrusion | 0.059±0.019 | 0.244±0.062 | 0.220±0.101 | 0.166±0.031 |
| (4) Maximum gape | 0.065±0.017 | 0.269±0.070 | 0.235±0.101 | 0.179±0.035 |
| (5) Onset of tongue retraction | 0.064±0.017 | 0.249±0.065 | 0.228±0.102 | 0.174±0.029 |
| (6) Onset of mouth closing | 0.074±0.017 | 0.277±0.072 | 0.241±0.100 | 0.185±0.034 |
| (7) Completion of tongue retraction | 0.087±0.017 | 0.282±0.018 | 0.247±0.103 | 0.191±0.032 |
| (8) Completion of mouth closing | 0.116±0.017 | 0.307±0.078 | 0.263±0.102 | 0.200±0.031 |
| Duration of stage | ||||
| (1) Mouth opening | 0.064±0.018 | 0.239±0.088 | 0.216±0.107 | 0.179±0.035 |
| (2) Tongue protraction | 0.035±0.004 | 0.136±0.043 | 0.106±0.031 | 0.071±0.010 |
| (3) Tongue retraction | 0.023±0.003 | 0.033±0.006 | 0.019±0.004 | 0.017±0.002 |
| (4) Mouth closing | 0.040±0.006 | 0.030±0.007 | 0.022±0.003 | 0.016±0.003 |
| (5) Prey capture | 0.115±0.018 | 0.277±0.095 | 0.244±0.107 | 0.200±0.031 |
| (6) Prey processing | 0.257±0.058 | 1.764±0.276 | 0.164±0.061 | 1.148±0.439 |
| (7) Feeding sequence | 0.350±0.054 | 2.109±0.339 | 0.416±0.130 | 1.353±0.441 |
| Maximal excursions and displacements | ||||
| (1) Gape angle (degrees) | 47.21±2.82 | 29.45±8.06 | 50.87±3.93 | 24.11±0.58 |
| (2) Absolute gape (cm) | 0.529±0.045 | 0.752±0.165 | 0.657±0.036 | 0.609±0.020 |
| (3) Tongue reach (cm) | 0.375±0.040 | 0.547±0.025 | 0.459±0.048 | 0.440±0.038 |
| (4) Distance to prey (cm) | 0.684±0.045 | 1.757±0.287 | 1.462±0.398 | 3.434±1.394 |
| (5) Number processing/transport movements | 2.350±0.054 | 8.125±1.552 | 0.222±0.666 | 6.900±1.197 |
| Maximal speed variables | ||||
| (1) Mouth opening velocity (cm s-1) | 11.92±1.69 | 10.16±4.22 | 9.00±0.43 | 7.44±0.24 |
| (2) Mouth opening acceleration (cm s2) | 578.99±92.12 | 531.57±109.81 | 509.46±132.21 | 554.32±400.65 |
| (3) Tongue protraction velocity (cm s-1) | 16.20±0.82 | 9.39±1.24 | 10.00±1.94 | 9.232±0.05 |
| (4) Tongue protraction acceleration (cm s2) | 2135.29±365.49 | 376.86±161.49 | 651.55±95.60 | 595.32±4.90 |
| (5) Tongue retraction velocity (cm s-1) | 15.38±2.21 | 25.13±14.24 | 19.03±7.41 | 7.06±1.06 |
| (6) Tongue retraction acceleration (cm s2) | 2385.62±188.17 | 3094.70±2081.95 | 2703.98±800.25 | 915.45±202.78 |
| (7) Mouth closing velocity (cm s-1) | 13.63±2.01 | 29.28±5.71 | 28.570±2.12 | 22.872±4.20 |
| (8) Mouth closing acceleration (cm s2) | 825.88±247.35 | 1701.69±752.71 | 2530.30±60.25 | 1469.46±510.66 |
| . | Moloch horridus . | Pogona vitticeps . | Phrynosoma platyrhinos . | Uma notata . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time from onset of mouth opening (s) | ||||
| (1) Onset of tongue protraction | 0.025±0.018 | 0.108±0.018 | 0.113±0.074 | 0.095±0.021 |
| (2) Prey contact | 0.055±0.019 | 0.241±0.061 | 0.218±0.100 | 0.166±0.028 |
| (3) Maximum tongue protrusion | 0.059±0.019 | 0.244±0.062 | 0.220±0.101 | 0.166±0.031 |
| (4) Maximum gape | 0.065±0.017 | 0.269±0.070 | 0.235±0.101 | 0.179±0.035 |
| (5) Onset of tongue retraction | 0.064±0.017 | 0.249±0.065 | 0.228±0.102 | 0.174±0.029 |
| (6) Onset of mouth closing | 0.074±0.017 | 0.277±0.072 | 0.241±0.100 | 0.185±0.034 |
| (7) Completion of tongue retraction | 0.087±0.017 | 0.282±0.018 | 0.247±0.103 | 0.191±0.032 |
| (8) Completion of mouth closing | 0.116±0.017 | 0.307±0.078 | 0.263±0.102 | 0.200±0.031 |
| Duration of stage | ||||
| (1) Mouth opening | 0.064±0.018 | 0.239±0.088 | 0.216±0.107 | 0.179±0.035 |
| (2) Tongue protraction | 0.035±0.004 | 0.136±0.043 | 0.106±0.031 | 0.071±0.010 |
| (3) Tongue retraction | 0.023±0.003 | 0.033±0.006 | 0.019±0.004 | 0.017±0.002 |
| (4) Mouth closing | 0.040±0.006 | 0.030±0.007 | 0.022±0.003 | 0.016±0.003 |
| (5) Prey capture | 0.115±0.018 | 0.277±0.095 | 0.244±0.107 | 0.200±0.031 |
| (6) Prey processing | 0.257±0.058 | 1.764±0.276 | 0.164±0.061 | 1.148±0.439 |
| (7) Feeding sequence | 0.350±0.054 | 2.109±0.339 | 0.416±0.130 | 1.353±0.441 |
| Maximal excursions and displacements | ||||
| (1) Gape angle (degrees) | 47.21±2.82 | 29.45±8.06 | 50.87±3.93 | 24.11±0.58 |
| (2) Absolute gape (cm) | 0.529±0.045 | 0.752±0.165 | 0.657±0.036 | 0.609±0.020 |
| (3) Tongue reach (cm) | 0.375±0.040 | 0.547±0.025 | 0.459±0.048 | 0.440±0.038 |
| (4) Distance to prey (cm) | 0.684±0.045 | 1.757±0.287 | 1.462±0.398 | 3.434±1.394 |
| (5) Number processing/transport movements | 2.350±0.054 | 8.125±1.552 | 0.222±0.666 | 6.900±1.197 |
| Maximal speed variables | ||||
| (1) Mouth opening velocity (cm s-1) | 11.92±1.69 | 10.16±4.22 | 9.00±0.43 | 7.44±0.24 |
| (2) Mouth opening acceleration (cm s2) | 578.99±92.12 | 531.57±109.81 | 509.46±132.21 | 554.32±400.65 |
| (3) Tongue protraction velocity (cm s-1) | 16.20±0.82 | 9.39±1.24 | 10.00±1.94 | 9.232±0.05 |
| (4) Tongue protraction acceleration (cm s2) | 2135.29±365.49 | 376.86±161.49 | 651.55±95.60 | 595.32±4.90 |
| (5) Tongue retraction velocity (cm s-1) | 15.38±2.21 | 25.13±14.24 | 19.03±7.41 | 7.06±1.06 |
| (6) Tongue retraction acceleration (cm s2) | 2385.62±188.17 | 3094.70±2081.95 | 2703.98±800.25 | 915.45±202.78 |
| (7) Mouth closing velocity (cm s-1) | 13.63±2.01 | 29.28±5.71 | 28.570±2.12 | 22.872±4.20 |
| (8) Mouth closing acceleration (cm s2) | 825.88±247.35 | 1701.69±752.71 | 2530.30±60.25 | 1469.46±510.66 |
The numbers in each section refer to text descriptions.
Values are means ± s.d. The number of individuals (number of sequences digitized) for all individuals are 4(20) for M. horridus, 3(8) for P. vitticep, 3 (9) P. platyrhinos and 2 (10) for U. notata.