Magnitude of kinematic step parameters that change significantly during turning
| Leg no. . | Parameter . | RS . | RC–RS . | δ . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O3 | ||||
| 7* | PEP.y (mm) | -16.6 | 7.5 | 1.04 |
| 16* | PEP.x (mm) | -15.7 | -5.3 | 0.68 |
| 17* | Swing length (mm) | 14.9 | 5.5 | 0.64 |
| 22* | Stance length (mm) | 14.3 | 5.7 | 0.56 |
| 24* | Swing direction (degrees) | -3.8 | -21.4 | 0.51 |
| 25 | Stance direction (degrees) | 171.7 | -16.4 | 0.50 |
| O2 | ||||
| 10* | AEP.y (mm) | -16.2 | 3.1 | 0.86 |
| 19 | Stance direction (degrees) | -181.9 | 15.6 | 0.58 |
| 37* | Swing direction (degrees) | -3.5 | 16.7 | 0.37 |
| 38 | Step period (s) | 1.26 | -0.32 | 0.36 |
| 43 | Stance duration (s) | 0.98 | -0.27 | 0.31 |
| 46 | Swing length (mm) | 15.4 | 2.6 | 0.29 |
| 49 | Stance length (mm) | 15.1 | 2.5 | 0.25 |
| O1 | ||||
| 3* | AEP.y (mm) | -16.4 | 11.5 | 1.41 |
| 8* | Stance direction (degrees) | -174.7 | 40.6 | 1.02 |
| 11* | Swing direction (degrees) | 5.5 | 39.9 | 0.82 |
| 14* | AEP.x (mm) | 19.2 | 3.6 | 0.77 |
| 28 | Swing length (mm) | 19.6 | 4.9 | 0.47 |
| 30 | Step period (s) | 1.44 | -0.45 | 0.46 |
| 31* | Stance length (mm) | 18.8 | 5.5 | 0.45 |
| 31 | Stance duration (s) | 1.17 | -0.43 | 0.45 |
| 35 | PEP.y (mm) | -18.1 | -3.4 | 0.40 |
| 35 | PEP.x (mm) | 2.1 | 4.5 | 0.40 |
| I3 | ||||
| 13* | PEP.x (mm) | -15.5 | 7.9 | 0.78 |
| 18 | Stance length (mm) | 14.2 | -5.4 | 0.63 |
| 23 | Swing length (mm) | 14.8 | -4.2 | 0.52 |
| 31 | Step period (s) | 1.16 | 0.68 | 0.45 |
| 38 | PEP.y (mm) | 15 | 2.2 | 0.36 |
| 40 | Swing direction (degrees) | 13.1 | -28.9 | 0.32 |
| 43 | Swing duty cycle | 0.3 | -0.08 | 0.31 |
| I2 | ||||
| 6* | PEP.y (mm) | 15.7 | -7 | 1.07 |
| 9* | Stance direction (degrees) | -170.9 | 41.6 | 0.99 |
| 12* | Swing direction (degrees) | 6.4 | 45 | 0.80 |
| 19* | PEP.x (mm) | -4.3 | 5.9 | 0.58 |
| 40 | Swing length (mm) | 15.6 | -2.8 | 0.32 |
| 40* | Stance length (mm) | 14.9 | -3.1 | 0.32 |
| 47 | AEP.x (mm) | 9.7 | -1.4 | 0.28 |
| I1 | ||||
| 1* | Stance direction (degrees) | -177 | 72.4 | 1.83 |
| 2* | Swing direction (degrees) | 3.6 | 70 | 1.45 |
| 4* | AEP.x (mm) | 19.7 | -10.1 | 1.39 |
| 5* | AEP.y (mm) | 15.3 | 7.5 | 1.14 |
| 15* | PEP.y (mm) | 15 | -7.2 | 0.70 |
| 19 | Stance duty cycle | 0.79 | -0.12 | 0.58 |
| 25 | PEP.x (mm) | 0.4 | 4.6 | 0.50 |
| 27 | Stance duration (s) | 1.31 | -0.48 | 0.48 |
| 28 | Swing duty cycle | 0.22 | 0.1 | 0.47 |
| 31 | Step period (s) | 1.6 | -0.47 | 0.45 |
| 45 | Swing length (mm) | 21.1 | -2.7 | 0.30 |
| 47 | Stance length (mm) | 20.3 | -2.9 | 0.28 |
| Leg no. . | Parameter . | RS . | RC–RS . | δ . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O3 | ||||
| 7* | PEP.y (mm) | -16.6 | 7.5 | 1.04 |
| 16* | PEP.x (mm) | -15.7 | -5.3 | 0.68 |
| 17* | Swing length (mm) | 14.9 | 5.5 | 0.64 |
| 22* | Stance length (mm) | 14.3 | 5.7 | 0.56 |
| 24* | Swing direction (degrees) | -3.8 | -21.4 | 0.51 |
| 25 | Stance direction (degrees) | 171.7 | -16.4 | 0.50 |
| O2 | ||||
| 10* | AEP.y (mm) | -16.2 | 3.1 | 0.86 |
| 19 | Stance direction (degrees) | -181.9 | 15.6 | 0.58 |
| 37* | Swing direction (degrees) | -3.5 | 16.7 | 0.37 |
| 38 | Step period (s) | 1.26 | -0.32 | 0.36 |
| 43 | Stance duration (s) | 0.98 | -0.27 | 0.31 |
| 46 | Swing length (mm) | 15.4 | 2.6 | 0.29 |
| 49 | Stance length (mm) | 15.1 | 2.5 | 0.25 |
| O1 | ||||
| 3* | AEP.y (mm) | -16.4 | 11.5 | 1.41 |
| 8* | Stance direction (degrees) | -174.7 | 40.6 | 1.02 |
| 11* | Swing direction (degrees) | 5.5 | 39.9 | 0.82 |
| 14* | AEP.x (mm) | 19.2 | 3.6 | 0.77 |
| 28 | Swing length (mm) | 19.6 | 4.9 | 0.47 |
| 30 | Step period (s) | 1.44 | -0.45 | 0.46 |
| 31* | Stance length (mm) | 18.8 | 5.5 | 0.45 |
| 31 | Stance duration (s) | 1.17 | -0.43 | 0.45 |
| 35 | PEP.y (mm) | -18.1 | -3.4 | 0.40 |
| 35 | PEP.x (mm) | 2.1 | 4.5 | 0.40 |
| I3 | ||||
| 13* | PEP.x (mm) | -15.5 | 7.9 | 0.78 |
| 18 | Stance length (mm) | 14.2 | -5.4 | 0.63 |
| 23 | Swing length (mm) | 14.8 | -4.2 | 0.52 |
| 31 | Step period (s) | 1.16 | 0.68 | 0.45 |
| 38 | PEP.y (mm) | 15 | 2.2 | 0.36 |
| 40 | Swing direction (degrees) | 13.1 | -28.9 | 0.32 |
| 43 | Swing duty cycle | 0.3 | -0.08 | 0.31 |
| I2 | ||||
| 6* | PEP.y (mm) | 15.7 | -7 | 1.07 |
| 9* | Stance direction (degrees) | -170.9 | 41.6 | 0.99 |
| 12* | Swing direction (degrees) | 6.4 | 45 | 0.80 |
| 19* | PEP.x (mm) | -4.3 | 5.9 | 0.58 |
| 40 | Swing length (mm) | 15.6 | -2.8 | 0.32 |
| 40* | Stance length (mm) | 14.9 | -3.1 | 0.32 |
| 47 | AEP.x (mm) | 9.7 | -1.4 | 0.28 |
| I1 | ||||
| 1* | Stance direction (degrees) | -177 | 72.4 | 1.83 |
| 2* | Swing direction (degrees) | 3.6 | 70 | 1.45 |
| 4* | AEP.x (mm) | 19.7 | -10.1 | 1.39 |
| 5* | AEP.y (mm) | 15.3 | 7.5 | 1.14 |
| 15* | PEP.y (mm) | 15 | -7.2 | 0.70 |
| 19 | Stance duty cycle | 0.79 | -0.12 | 0.58 |
| 25 | PEP.x (mm) | 0.4 | 4.6 | 0.50 |
| 27 | Stance duration (s) | 1.31 | -0.48 | 0.48 |
| 28 | Swing duty cycle | 0.22 | 0.1 | 0.47 |
| 31 | Step period (s) | 1.6 | -0.47 | 0.45 |
| 45 | Swing length (mm) | 21.1 | -2.7 | 0.30 |
| 47 | Stance length (mm) | 20.3 | -2.9 | 0.28 |
The list includes all kinematic parameters that change during turning at least by 25% of their steady state s.d. (δ>0.25 corresponds well to significance level P<0.001 of a Mann–Whitney test).
Parameters are listed separately for each outer (O1–O3, left) and inner leg (I1–I3, right). No., assigned rank; RS,mean pre-stimulus period;(RC–RS), the change of the mean amplitude between steady states; δ, standardised change that determines the rank. AEP, anterior extreme position; PEP, posterior extreme position; .x and .y, components of position vectors.
Parameters with significant fitting functions for their time course (see Table 2)