Table 3.

The shear velocities at the upstream and downstream locations of Vallisneria spiralis and Vallisneria americana (flat and twisted configurations) determined using measurements of the velocity gradient of eight freestream velocities by digital particle image velocimetry

Species (leaf configuration)Shear velocity U (cm s–1)
Location0.50.81.11.82.13.34.16.6
V. spiralis US 0.05±0.01 0.09±0.02 0.09±0.02 0.12±0.02 0.11±0.01 0.15±0.02 0.26±0.03 0.45±0.03 
V. spiralis DS 0.10±0.01 0.18±0.01 0.16±0.01 0.23±0.04 0.23±0.01 0.42±0.01 0.46±0.01 0.66±0.02 
V. americana US 0.04±0.18 0.11±0.01 0.06±0.01 0.14±0.01 0.12±0.02 0.22±0.01 0.28±0.03 0.35±0.02 
V. americana DS 0.11±0.02 0.12±0.01 0.15±0.01 0.32±0.01 0.30±0.03 0.41±0.01 0.55±0.06 0.72±0.12 
V. americana (twisted) US 0.06±0.02 0.11±0.01 0.10±0.02 0.18±0.02 0.24±0.01 0.27±0.02 0.35±0.03 0.44±0.04 
V. americana (twisted) DS 0.10±0.02 0.15±0.02 0.21±0.04 0.22±0.02 No data 0.29±0.01 0.38±0.01 0.72±0.06 
Species (leaf configuration)Shear velocity U (cm s–1)
Location0.50.81.11.82.13.34.16.6
V. spiralis US 0.05±0.01 0.09±0.02 0.09±0.02 0.12±0.02 0.11±0.01 0.15±0.02 0.26±0.03 0.45±0.03 
V. spiralis DS 0.10±0.01 0.18±0.01 0.16±0.01 0.23±0.04 0.23±0.01 0.42±0.01 0.46±0.01 0.66±0.02 
V. americana US 0.04±0.18 0.11±0.01 0.06±0.01 0.14±0.01 0.12±0.02 0.22±0.01 0.28±0.03 0.35±0.02 
V. americana DS 0.11±0.02 0.12±0.01 0.15±0.01 0.32±0.01 0.30±0.03 0.41±0.01 0.55±0.06 0.72±0.12 
V. americana (twisted) US 0.06±0.02 0.11±0.01 0.10±0.02 0.18±0.02 0.24±0.01 0.27±0.02 0.35±0.03 0.44±0.04 
V. americana (twisted) DS 0.10±0.02 0.15±0.02 0.21±0.04 0.22±0.02 No data 0.29±0.01 0.38±0.01 0.72±0.06 

US, upstream; DS, downstream locations

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