Localization of proteins of the PAR-aPKC complex in different species
| . | . | . | . | Localization . | . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | . | . | C. elegans . | Drosophila . | . | . | Mammal . | ||||
| S. pombe . | C. elegans . | Drosophila . | Mammal . | zygote . | late oocyte . | epithelia . | neuroblast . | epithelia . | ||||
| – | PAR-3 | Bazooka | PAR-3/ASIP* | Anterior cortex | Anterior cortex | SAR/apical membrane | Apical cortex | TJ† apical membrane | ||||
| – | PAR-6 | PAR-6 | PAR-6α,β,γ | |||||||||
| – | PKC-3 | aPKC | aPKCλ,ζ | |||||||||
| Kin1 | PAR-1 | PAR-1 | PAR-1a/MARK3/C-TAK | Posterior cortex | Posterior cortex | Basolateral membrane | ? | Basolateral membrane | ||||
| PAR-1b/MARK2/EMK1 | ||||||||||||
| PAR-1c/MARK1‡ | ||||||||||||
| – | PAR-2 | – | – | Posterior cortex | – | – | – | – | ||||
| – | PAR-4 | LKB1 | LKB1/STK11 | Uniformly cytoplasmic (faintly cortical) | (Uniformly cortical) | (Uniformly cortical) | ? | (Uniformly membraneous)§ | ||||
| BMH1/2 | PAR-5 | 14-3-3ϵ/Leo | 14-3-3β,γ,ϵ,η,ζ¶ | Uniformly cytoplasmic | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | ? | (Uniformly cytoplasmic/membraneous) | ||||
| 14-3-3ζ | ||||||||||||
| . | . | . | . | Localization . | . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | . | . | C. elegans . | Drosophila . | . | . | Mammal . | ||||
| S. pombe . | C. elegans . | Drosophila . | Mammal . | zygote . | late oocyte . | epithelia . | neuroblast . | epithelia . | ||||
| – | PAR-3 | Bazooka | PAR-3/ASIP* | Anterior cortex | Anterior cortex | SAR/apical membrane | Apical cortex | TJ† apical membrane | ||||
| – | PAR-6 | PAR-6 | PAR-6α,β,γ | |||||||||
| – | PKC-3 | aPKC | aPKCλ,ζ | |||||||||
| Kin1 | PAR-1 | PAR-1 | PAR-1a/MARK3/C-TAK | Posterior cortex | Posterior cortex | Basolateral membrane | ? | Basolateral membrane | ||||
| PAR-1b/MARK2/EMK1 | ||||||||||||
| PAR-1c/MARK1‡ | ||||||||||||
| – | PAR-2 | – | – | Posterior cortex | – | – | – | – | ||||
| – | PAR-4 | LKB1 | LKB1/STK11 | Uniformly cytoplasmic (faintly cortical) | (Uniformly cortical) | (Uniformly cortical) | ? | (Uniformly membraneous)§ | ||||
| BMH1/2 | PAR-5 | 14-3-3ϵ/Leo | 14-3-3β,γ,ϵ,η,ζ¶ | Uniformly cytoplasmic | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | ? | (Uniformly cytoplasmic/membraneous) | ||||
| 14-3-3ζ | ||||||||||||
SAR, subapical region; TJ, tight junction. Parentheses indicate the localization of overexpressed protein. See text for details. For the localization of PAR-4 and PAR-5/14-3-3, see the following references: PAR-4 (Martin and St Johnston, 2003; Watts et al., 2000); PAR-5/14-3-3 (Benton et al., 2002; Hurd et al., 2003a; Morton et al., 2002).
In mammals, the PAR-3-related protein PAR-3L, showing an overall homology with PAR-3, has been identified (Gao et al., 2002). Although its characterization is limited, it has been shown to localize to TJs when overexpressed; it cannot bind to aPKC
As discussed in the text, the localization of PAR-3 often slightly differs from that of aPKC and/or PAR-6. In particular, in mammalian epithelial cells, PAR-3 tends to show a clearer concentration in TJs than do aPKC and PAR-6
MARK4/MARKL1 is not included because this variant of mammalian PAR-1 does not show asymmetric localization in mammalian epithelial cells when overexpressed (A.S. and S.O., unpublished)
A.S. and S.O., unpublished
14-3-3 isoforms for which the interaction with PAR-1b was confirmed are only listed (M. Hirata, A.S. and S.O., unpublished)