Function of animal microRNAs in vivo
| Process . | microRNA . | Targets . | Function . | Evidence . | Key citations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. elegans | |||||
| Developmental timing | lin-4 microRNA | lin-14, lin-28 | Stem cell differentaition | LOF | Lee et al., 1993; Wightman et al., 1993 |
| Developmental timing | let-7 microRNA | lin-41, hbl-1, daf-12, pha-4 | Stem cell differentaition | LOF | Reinhart et al., 2000; Abrahante et al., 2003; Lin et al., 2003; Slack et al., 2000; Grosshans et al., 2005 |
| Developmental timing | miR-48, miR-84, miR-241 | hbl-1 | Stem cell differentaition | LOF | Abbott et al., 2005; Lin et al., 2005 |
| Developmental timing | miR-48, miR-84 | Unknown | Cessation of molting | LOF | Abbott et al., 2005 |
| Organogenesis | miR-84 | let-60 | Differentiation/proliferation | GOF | Johnson et al., 2005 |
| Differentiation | lsy-6 microRNA | cog-1 | Left-right asymmetry | LOF | Johnston and Hobert, 2003 |
| Differentiation | miR-273 | die-1 | Left-right asymmetry | GOF | Chang et al., 2004 |
| D. melanogaster | |||||
| Growth control and programmed cell death | bantam microRNA | hid | Proliferation/programmed cell death | LOF | Brennecke et al., 2003 |
| Programmed cell death | miR-14 | Unknown | Programmed cell death | LOF | Xu et al., 2003 |
| Patterning and embryogenesis | miR-2a, -2b, -6, -7 | E(spl)/bHLH, bearded families | Notch signalling | GOF | Brennecke et al., 2005; Lai, 2002; Lai et al., 2005; Stark et al., 2003 |
| Embryogenesis and programmed cell death | miR-2, -6, -11, -13, -308 | Unknown | Programmed cell death | 2-O-Me-RNA | Leaman et al., 2005 |
| D. rerio | |||||
| Differentiation and organogenesis | miR-430 | Unknown | Neurogenesis | Dicer rescue | Giraldez et al., 2005 |
| M. musculus | |||||
| Differentiation and organogenesis | miR-1 | Hand2 | Angiogenesis | GOF | Zhao et al., 2005 |
| Differentiation and organogenesis | miR-181 | Unknown | Hematopoiesis | GOF | Chen et al., 2004 |
| Insulin secretion | miR-375 | Myotrophin (Mtpn) | Exocytosis | 2-O-Me-RNA | Poy et al., 2004 |
| Human disease | miR-17, -18, -19a, -20, -19b-1, -92-1 | Unknown | Tumorigenesis | GOF | He et al., 2005; O'Donnell et al., 2005 |
| H. sapiens | |||||
| Human disease | miR-32 | PFV-1 | Viral defense | LNA | Lecellier et al., 2005 |
| Process . | microRNA . | Targets . | Function . | Evidence . | Key citations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. elegans | |||||
| Developmental timing | lin-4 microRNA | lin-14, lin-28 | Stem cell differentaition | LOF | Lee et al., 1993; Wightman et al., 1993 |
| Developmental timing | let-7 microRNA | lin-41, hbl-1, daf-12, pha-4 | Stem cell differentaition | LOF | Reinhart et al., 2000; Abrahante et al., 2003; Lin et al., 2003; Slack et al., 2000; Grosshans et al., 2005 |
| Developmental timing | miR-48, miR-84, miR-241 | hbl-1 | Stem cell differentaition | LOF | Abbott et al., 2005; Lin et al., 2005 |
| Developmental timing | miR-48, miR-84 | Unknown | Cessation of molting | LOF | Abbott et al., 2005 |
| Organogenesis | miR-84 | let-60 | Differentiation/proliferation | GOF | Johnson et al., 2005 |
| Differentiation | lsy-6 microRNA | cog-1 | Left-right asymmetry | LOF | Johnston and Hobert, 2003 |
| Differentiation | miR-273 | die-1 | Left-right asymmetry | GOF | Chang et al., 2004 |
| D. melanogaster | |||||
| Growth control and programmed cell death | bantam microRNA | hid | Proliferation/programmed cell death | LOF | Brennecke et al., 2003 |
| Programmed cell death | miR-14 | Unknown | Programmed cell death | LOF | Xu et al., 2003 |
| Patterning and embryogenesis | miR-2a, -2b, -6, -7 | E(spl)/bHLH, bearded families | Notch signalling | GOF | Brennecke et al., 2005; Lai, 2002; Lai et al., 2005; Stark et al., 2003 |
| Embryogenesis and programmed cell death | miR-2, -6, -11, -13, -308 | Unknown | Programmed cell death | 2-O-Me-RNA | Leaman et al., 2005 |
| D. rerio | |||||
| Differentiation and organogenesis | miR-430 | Unknown | Neurogenesis | Dicer rescue | Giraldez et al., 2005 |
| M. musculus | |||||
| Differentiation and organogenesis | miR-1 | Hand2 | Angiogenesis | GOF | Zhao et al., 2005 |
| Differentiation and organogenesis | miR-181 | Unknown | Hematopoiesis | GOF | Chen et al., 2004 |
| Insulin secretion | miR-375 | Myotrophin (Mtpn) | Exocytosis | 2-O-Me-RNA | Poy et al., 2004 |
| Human disease | miR-17, -18, -19a, -20, -19b-1, -92-1 | Unknown | Tumorigenesis | GOF | He et al., 2005; O'Donnell et al., 2005 |
| H. sapiens | |||||
| Human disease | miR-32 | PFV-1 | Viral defense | LNA | Lecellier et al., 2005 |
This table includes all microRNAs that have been analyzed in vivo using loss-of-function studies, and microRNAs for which a likely function has been demonstrated by using an indirect approach, e.g. mis-expression experiments. It table does not contain microRNAs for which a target mRNA has been predicted and validated using overexpression experiments, but for which no further functional characterization at the cellular or organismal level has been carried out.
PFV-1, primate foamy virus type 1; E(spl)/bHLH, Enhancer of Split/basic helix loop helix transcription factor cluster; LOF, microRNA has been studied using loss-of-function mutations; GOF, microRNA has been studied using gain-of-function approaches only; 2-O-Me-RNA, microRNA has been studied by depletion using 2′ O-Methyl antisense oligoribonucleotides; LNA,microRNA has been studied by depletion using locked oligonucleotides (LNA);Dicer rescue, microRNA has been studied using rescue experiments in a Dicer mutant background.