Description of all the complementation groups
| Mutant class . | Name† . | Number of alleles . | Allele names . | Germline clone phenotype . | Trans-heterozygous phenotype . | Penetrance* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oskar mRNA absent from the posterior of the oocyte | franklin (frk) | 2 | 5E7-2, 6F2-18 | osk diffuse. 6F2-18 shows additional defects including nurse cells in the oocyte and a weak dumpless phenotype. | lethal | + |
| lkb1 | 2 | 4A4-2, 4B1-11 | osk mainly diffuse, bcd detected around the whole oocyte cortex in some oocytes. | lethal | ++ | |
| vagabond (vag) | 2 | 7A1-3, 8D4-17 | osk anterior and diffuse, follicle cells disorganised, accumulation of actin in the oocyte, very few late stages, oocyte nucleus occasionally mispositioned. | female-sterile: a few ventralised eggs are laid | +++ | |
| errance (era) | 7 | 3A3-1, 4A4-18, 4E8-5, 5C5-8, 6D1-9, 7G2-9, 9B3-15 | osk diffuse or in reduced amounts at the P, oocyte nucleus can be mislocalised, nurse cells fused or present in the oocyte, ectopic accumulation of actin, small eggs. | lethal | +++, allele-dependent | |
| strindberg (sbg) | 2 | 5D3-3, 6B9-4 | osk diffuse (in 5D3-3, osk accumulates in the centre at stage 9), oocyte nucleus can be mislocalised. | female-sterile: eggs either unfertilised or arrested early in development | +++ | |
| fraenkel (fkl) | 2 | 4B2-7, 5B3-7 | osk in a central dot near the P, more diffuse in later stages. | lethal | ++ | |
| sverdrup (sve) | 2 | 6F6-9, 8D1-7 | osk central or diffuse, some eggs small or with fused dorsal appendages. In 8D1-7, very rare oocytes with aberrant bcdlocalisation. | lethal | +++ | |
| poulpe (pup) | 3 | 4B4-10, 4F2-4, 6C3-11 | osk in a central dot or diffuse. In 4B4-10, bcd and the nucleus very rarely detected at the posterior. In 6C3-11, nurse cells in the oocyte in late stages. | lethal | +++ | |
| wellman (wel) | 2 | 8A6-5, 9H4-17 | osk central, follicle cells disorganised and migrate between the oocyte and the nurse cells, oocyte too small. In 9H4-17, no late stages. | lethal | +++ | |
| orb | 4 | 7D1-16, 7D4-11, 7E4-5, 9D6-3 | osk diffuse, premature cytoplasmic streaming. | female-sterile | +++ | |
| spindle-E (spn-E) | 6 | 2A9-14, 4E2-14, 7G2-5, 8D4-11, 9A2-17, 9A9-18 | osk diffuse or in the centre of the oocyte, bcd mRNA seen at the posterior at stage 8 in 2A9-14. 9A9-18 is a weaker allele. Premature cytoplasmic streaming. | female-sterile | +++, allele-dependent | |
| D-elg | 1 | 8C5-5 | osk diffuse, dumpless. | female-sterile | +++ | |
| oskar mRNA present at the posterior of the oocyte, but not in a wild-type manner | glissade (gls) | 3 | 7B7-18, 7F1-16, 9C9-3 | osk at the P but diffuse, nurse cell fusions, dumpless. | lethal | +++ |
| sedov (sdv) | 2 | 7D2-10, 9C1-2 | osk diffuses from the P, nurse cell fusions, follicle cells disorganised. In rare cases, extra follicle cells are found between the oocyte and the nurse cells. | lethal | +++ | |
| koldewey (kol) | 2 | 4A2-13, 9B6-2 | reduced amounts of osk at the P. In 4A2-13, additional defects such as nurse cell fusions and small eggs. | lethal | +++ | |
| oskar (osk) | 2 | 6B3-12, 8B1-2 | In 8B1-2, osk at the posterior until stage 10, and then diffuse. In 6B3-12, osk is sometimes mislocalised even earlier. | maternal-effect lethal | +++ | |
| bicoid mRNA diffuse late | larsen (lsn) | 2 | 2B6-3, 5F3-8 | bcd diffuse (late), osk localisation wild-type but might be in reduced amounts. | lethal | +++ |
| gerlache (grl) | 2 | 1A7-16, 8A7-15 | very reduced anterior bcd localisation, GFP-Staufen retained at ring canals, dumpless. | female-sterile: very small unfertilised eggs | +++ | |
| sorcière (sorc) | 2 | 4E5-2, 7B6-14 | very reduced anterior bcd localisation, GFP-Staufen retained at ring canals, dumpless. | female-sterile: very small unfertilised eggs | +++ | |
| both oskar and bicoid mRNA localisations affected | boussole (bsl) | 2 | 8B8-9, 8F8-6 | osk central or diffuse. In 8F8-6, bcd and the nucleus are occasionally detected at the posterior. | lethal | + |
| nansen (nan) | 3 | 4E7-9, 7G2-18, 8A4-1 | osk diffuse or central, nucleus occassionally mislocalised, bcd sometimes at the P or lateral near nucleus, ectopic actin in oocyte. | lethal | +++ | |
| abruzzi (abz) | 2 | 7C3-10, 8B1-12 | osk in dots near the P, nucleus mislocalised, bcd near the nucleus, dumpless eggs, some actin in oocyte. | lethal | +++ | |
| both oskar and bicoid mRNA localisations affected | weyprecht (wey) | 2 | 9B5-5, 9C1-1 | osk in broad cloud at P or central, bcd along lateral cortex. In 9B5-5, some follicle cell defects. | female-sterile: early oogenic arrest at about stage 5 | + |
| trou | 5 | 1A2-4, 7E4-3, 9A5-5, 9C8-7, 9E4-15 | frequent gap between oocyte and posterior follicle cells, variable osk and bcd localisation: osk in general diffuse with stronger P localisation, bcd cortical or diffuse. | semi-lethal and female-sterile: very small unfertilised eggs | +++ | |
| mertz (mez) | 2 | 7E2-8, 8D7-7 | bcd initially wild type, diffuse from stage 11-12. Reduced amounts of osk at the P, small eggs. 7E2-8 is a weaker allele. | lethal | ++ | |
| ellsworth (els) | 4 | 7B2-16, 7F5-9, 9D5-4, 9G8-14 | osk at the anterior or diffuse or in reduced amounts at the P, bcd diffuse in late stages, nurse cell-oocyte fusions. | female-sterile: unfertilised eggs, escapers often show embryonic head defects | ++ | |
| cap-n-collar (cnc) | 3 | 5F8-5, 7G2-10, 8A1-14 | osk largely diffuse, nucleus mislocalised, bcd near the nucleus. | lethal | +++ | |
| other phenotypes | nain | 2 | 4A3-6, 6A2-4 | tiny oocyte, which can be slightly misplaced. Rare 4A3-6 late stage escapers. | lethal | +++ |
| Mutant class . | Name† . | Number of alleles . | Allele names . | Germline clone phenotype . | Trans-heterozygous phenotype . | Penetrance* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oskar mRNA absent from the posterior of the oocyte | franklin (frk) | 2 | 5E7-2, 6F2-18 | osk diffuse. 6F2-18 shows additional defects including nurse cells in the oocyte and a weak dumpless phenotype. | lethal | + |
| lkb1 | 2 | 4A4-2, 4B1-11 | osk mainly diffuse, bcd detected around the whole oocyte cortex in some oocytes. | lethal | ++ | |
| vagabond (vag) | 2 | 7A1-3, 8D4-17 | osk anterior and diffuse, follicle cells disorganised, accumulation of actin in the oocyte, very few late stages, oocyte nucleus occasionally mispositioned. | female-sterile: a few ventralised eggs are laid | +++ | |
| errance (era) | 7 | 3A3-1, 4A4-18, 4E8-5, 5C5-8, 6D1-9, 7G2-9, 9B3-15 | osk diffuse or in reduced amounts at the P, oocyte nucleus can be mislocalised, nurse cells fused or present in the oocyte, ectopic accumulation of actin, small eggs. | lethal | +++, allele-dependent | |
| strindberg (sbg) | 2 | 5D3-3, 6B9-4 | osk diffuse (in 5D3-3, osk accumulates in the centre at stage 9), oocyte nucleus can be mislocalised. | female-sterile: eggs either unfertilised or arrested early in development | +++ | |
| fraenkel (fkl) | 2 | 4B2-7, 5B3-7 | osk in a central dot near the P, more diffuse in later stages. | lethal | ++ | |
| sverdrup (sve) | 2 | 6F6-9, 8D1-7 | osk central or diffuse, some eggs small or with fused dorsal appendages. In 8D1-7, very rare oocytes with aberrant bcdlocalisation. | lethal | +++ | |
| poulpe (pup) | 3 | 4B4-10, 4F2-4, 6C3-11 | osk in a central dot or diffuse. In 4B4-10, bcd and the nucleus very rarely detected at the posterior. In 6C3-11, nurse cells in the oocyte in late stages. | lethal | +++ | |
| wellman (wel) | 2 | 8A6-5, 9H4-17 | osk central, follicle cells disorganised and migrate between the oocyte and the nurse cells, oocyte too small. In 9H4-17, no late stages. | lethal | +++ | |
| orb | 4 | 7D1-16, 7D4-11, 7E4-5, 9D6-3 | osk diffuse, premature cytoplasmic streaming. | female-sterile | +++ | |
| spindle-E (spn-E) | 6 | 2A9-14, 4E2-14, 7G2-5, 8D4-11, 9A2-17, 9A9-18 | osk diffuse or in the centre of the oocyte, bcd mRNA seen at the posterior at stage 8 in 2A9-14. 9A9-18 is a weaker allele. Premature cytoplasmic streaming. | female-sterile | +++, allele-dependent | |
| D-elg | 1 | 8C5-5 | osk diffuse, dumpless. | female-sterile | +++ | |
| oskar mRNA present at the posterior of the oocyte, but not in a wild-type manner | glissade (gls) | 3 | 7B7-18, 7F1-16, 9C9-3 | osk at the P but diffuse, nurse cell fusions, dumpless. | lethal | +++ |
| sedov (sdv) | 2 | 7D2-10, 9C1-2 | osk diffuses from the P, nurse cell fusions, follicle cells disorganised. In rare cases, extra follicle cells are found between the oocyte and the nurse cells. | lethal | +++ | |
| koldewey (kol) | 2 | 4A2-13, 9B6-2 | reduced amounts of osk at the P. In 4A2-13, additional defects such as nurse cell fusions and small eggs. | lethal | +++ | |
| oskar (osk) | 2 | 6B3-12, 8B1-2 | In 8B1-2, osk at the posterior until stage 10, and then diffuse. In 6B3-12, osk is sometimes mislocalised even earlier. | maternal-effect lethal | +++ | |
| bicoid mRNA diffuse late | larsen (lsn) | 2 | 2B6-3, 5F3-8 | bcd diffuse (late), osk localisation wild-type but might be in reduced amounts. | lethal | +++ |
| gerlache (grl) | 2 | 1A7-16, 8A7-15 | very reduced anterior bcd localisation, GFP-Staufen retained at ring canals, dumpless. | female-sterile: very small unfertilised eggs | +++ | |
| sorcière (sorc) | 2 | 4E5-2, 7B6-14 | very reduced anterior bcd localisation, GFP-Staufen retained at ring canals, dumpless. | female-sterile: very small unfertilised eggs | +++ | |
| both oskar and bicoid mRNA localisations affected | boussole (bsl) | 2 | 8B8-9, 8F8-6 | osk central or diffuse. In 8F8-6, bcd and the nucleus are occasionally detected at the posterior. | lethal | + |
| nansen (nan) | 3 | 4E7-9, 7G2-18, 8A4-1 | osk diffuse or central, nucleus occassionally mislocalised, bcd sometimes at the P or lateral near nucleus, ectopic actin in oocyte. | lethal | +++ | |
| abruzzi (abz) | 2 | 7C3-10, 8B1-12 | osk in dots near the P, nucleus mislocalised, bcd near the nucleus, dumpless eggs, some actin in oocyte. | lethal | +++ | |
| both oskar and bicoid mRNA localisations affected | weyprecht (wey) | 2 | 9B5-5, 9C1-1 | osk in broad cloud at P or central, bcd along lateral cortex. In 9B5-5, some follicle cell defects. | female-sterile: early oogenic arrest at about stage 5 | + |
| trou | 5 | 1A2-4, 7E4-3, 9A5-5, 9C8-7, 9E4-15 | frequent gap between oocyte and posterior follicle cells, variable osk and bcd localisation: osk in general diffuse with stronger P localisation, bcd cortical or diffuse. | semi-lethal and female-sterile: very small unfertilised eggs | +++ | |
| mertz (mez) | 2 | 7E2-8, 8D7-7 | bcd initially wild type, diffuse from stage 11-12. Reduced amounts of osk at the P, small eggs. 7E2-8 is a weaker allele. | lethal | ++ | |
| ellsworth (els) | 4 | 7B2-16, 7F5-9, 9D5-4, 9G8-14 | osk at the anterior or diffuse or in reduced amounts at the P, bcd diffuse in late stages, nurse cell-oocyte fusions. | female-sterile: unfertilised eggs, escapers often show embryonic head defects | ++ | |
| cap-n-collar (cnc) | 3 | 5F8-5, 7G2-10, 8A1-14 | osk largely diffuse, nucleus mislocalised, bcd near the nucleus. | lethal | +++ | |
| other phenotypes | nain | 2 | 4A3-6, 6A2-4 | tiny oocyte, which can be slightly misplaced. Rare 4A3-6 late stage escapers. | lethal | +++ |
P, posterior; osk, oskar; bcd, bicoid.
Penetrance of the germline clone phenotype:+indicates that the phenotype was visible in 50% of the oocytes or less; ++ in 50-80%; +++ in 80% or more. However, these estimates should be treated with caution as the sample size was generally smaller than 50.
To reflect the fact most of these mutants disrupt GFP-Staufen localisation to the anterior and/or posterior pole of the oocyte, many complementation groups were named after polar explorers who failed to reach the North or South Pole.