Reprogramming of different mouse cell types into iPS cells
| Germ layer . | Cell type . | Efficiency . | Selection type . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mesoderm | MEFs | 0.01-0.1% | Fbx15/Oct4/Nanog | Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Maherali et al., 2007; Okita et al., 2007;Wernig et al., 2007 |
| MEFs* | 2-4% | Nanog | Wernig et al., 2008 | |
| Mature B cell*† | 3% | Nanog | Hanna et al., 2008 | |
| Endoderm | Stomach cells | ND | Fbx15 | Aoi et al., 2008 |
| Liver cells | ND | Fbx15 | Aoi et al., 2008 | |
| Intestinal epithelium* | ND | Nanog | Wernig et al., 2008 | |
| β cells | 0.1-0.2% | Morphology | Stadtfeld et al., 2008 | |
| Ectoderm | Neural progenitors | <3.6% | Oct4 | Kim et al., 2008; Shi et al., 2008; Eminli et al., 2008 |
| Keratinocytes* | ND | Nanog | Wernig et al., 2008 |
| Germ layer . | Cell type . | Efficiency . | Selection type . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mesoderm | MEFs | 0.01-0.1% | Fbx15/Oct4/Nanog | Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Maherali et al., 2007; Okita et al., 2007;Wernig et al., 2007 |
| MEFs* | 2-4% | Nanog | Wernig et al., 2008 | |
| Mature B cell*† | 3% | Nanog | Hanna et al., 2008 | |
| Endoderm | Stomach cells | ND | Fbx15 | Aoi et al., 2008 |
| Liver cells | ND | Fbx15 | Aoi et al., 2008 | |
| Intestinal epithelium* | ND | Nanog | Wernig et al., 2008 | |
| β cells | 0.1-0.2% | Morphology | Stadtfeld et al., 2008 | |
| Ectoderm | Neural progenitors | <3.6% | Oct4 | Kim et al., 2008; Shi et al., 2008; Eminli et al., 2008 |
| Keratinocytes* | ND | Nanog | Wernig et al., 2008 |
MEFs, murine embryonic fibroblasts. ND, not determined.
Secondary cells. Differentiated cells derived from iPS cells carrying the four viral transgenes under the control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter.
Note that mature B cells required ectopic expression of Cebpα in addition to the four reprogramming factors to produce iPS cells.