The Company of Biologists

Table 2.

Means ± standard errors of kinematic variables during terrestrial and aquatic trotting with results of ANOVA testing for effect of environment and individual

	Terrestrial	Aquatic
Trunk bending
Frequency (Hz)	1.4±0.2	1.4±0.2
Amplitude (deg.)	26.9±1.1	27.9±1.28^{^†}
Max. extension (%)	47.5±1.1	48.8±0.53
Footfall timing (%)
LH duty factor	63.8±1.4	55.4±1.7^{^*}^,^{^†}
LH liftoff	65.0±1.3	57.4±1.7^{^*}
LF duty factor	60.5±1.1	54.7±1.6^{^*}^,^{^†}
LF liftoff	6.4±1.2	4.1±1.3
RF duty factor	62.5±0.9	52.7±1.7^{^*}^,^{^†}
RF liftoff	56.6±1.2	54.1±1.2
RH duty factor	64.4±1.0	53.7±1.3^{^*}^,^{^†}
RH liftoff	14.1±0.9	7.7±1.1^{^*}

	Terrestrial	Aquatic
Trunk bending
Frequency (Hz)	1.4±0.2	1.4±0.2
Amplitude (deg.)	26.9±1.1	27.9±1.28^{^†}
Max. extension (%)	47.5±1.1	48.8±0.53
Footfall timing (%)
LH duty factor	63.8±1.4	55.4±1.7^{^*}^,^{^†}
LH liftoff	65.0±1.3	57.4±1.7^{^*}
LF duty factor	60.5±1.1	54.7±1.6^{^*}^,^{^†}
LF liftoff	6.4±1.2	4.1±1.3
RF duty factor	62.5±0.9	52.7±1.7^{^*}^,^{^†}
RF liftoff	56.6±1.2	54.1±1.2
RH duty factor	64.4±1.0	53.7±1.3^{^*}^,^{^†}
RH liftoff	14.1±0.9	7.7±1.1^{^*}

N=4 salamanders. Explanation of variables is given in Table 1

Significant difference in ANOVA at Bonferroni-corrected α=0.0045,indicating significant effect of environment

†

Significant effect of individual at α=0.0045

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