Muscle composition of the major flight and leg muscle groups
| Muscle group . | Muscles within group . |
|---|---|
| Flight | Pectoralis, supracoracoideus |
| Ankle dorsiflexors | Tibialis anterior |
| Ankle plantarflexors | Gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis |
| Deep ankle flexors and extensors | Deep flexors 1–8 and deep extensors 1–3 |
| Hip abductors | Iliotibialis lateralis, iliotrochantericus cranialis, iliotrochantericus caudalis |
| Knee extensors | Femorotibialis, femerotibialis lateralis |
| Hip extensors and adductors | Iliotibialis cranialis, pubo-ischio-femoralis, caudofemoralis, ambiens,iliofibularis, flexor crusis lateralis, flexor crusis medialis,ischiofemoralis |
| Muscle group . | Muscles within group . |
|---|---|
| Flight | Pectoralis, supracoracoideus |
| Ankle dorsiflexors | Tibialis anterior |
| Ankle plantarflexors | Gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis |
| Deep ankle flexors and extensors | Deep flexors 1–8 and deep extensors 1–3 |
| Hip abductors | Iliotibialis lateralis, iliotrochantericus cranialis, iliotrochantericus caudalis |
| Knee extensors | Femorotibialis, femerotibialis lateralis |
| Hip extensors and adductors | Iliotibialis cranialis, pubo-ischio-femoralis, caudofemoralis, ambiens,iliofibularis, flexor crusis lateralis, flexor crusis medialis,ischiofemoralis |
Muscle names and functions are based on Howell(Howell, 1938) and Vanden-Berge and Zweers (Vanden-Berge and Zweers, 1993). Note muscles are grouped according to their primary function