Subject elephant . | Facility . | Species . | Sex . | Age (years) . | Mass (kg) . | Hip height (m) . | Shoulder height (m) . | No. of valid trials . | No. of strides . | Min. speed, m s–1 (û) . | Max. speed, m s–1 (û) . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | THUR | African | F | 5 | 930 | 1.18 | 1.74 | 10 | 10 | 1.22 (0.36) | 2.89 (0.86) |
B | COLCH | African | F | 26 | 3512 | 1.91 | 2.72 | 11 | 19 | 1.18 (0.27) | 2.10 (0.48) |
C | COLCH | African | F | 23 | 3438 | 2.03 | 2.70 | 6 | 13 | 1.44 (0.33) | 1.70 (0.39) |
D | COLCH | African | F | 23 | 3100 | 1.99 | 2.39 | 10 | 22 | 1.64 (0.37) | 2.35 (0.54) |
E | WMSP | African | M | 13 | 3230 | 2.03 | 2.59 | 2 | 2 | 1.48 (0.34) | 1.50 (0.35) |
F | WMSP | African | F | 14 | 2780 | 2.06 | 2.47 | 8 | 8 | 1.35 (0.31) | 1.64 (0.37) |
G | WMSP | African | F | 13 | 2550 | 1.84 | 2.41 | 13 | 9 | 1.38 (0.32) | 2.87 (0.67) |
H | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3684 | 1.70 | 2.00 | 10 | 36 | 0.95 (0.23) | 3.73 (0.91) |
I | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3318 | 1.67 | 2.01 | 8 | 14 | 0.77 (0.19) | 2.87 (0.71) |
J | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3161 | 1.56 | 2.03 | 9 | 16 | 0.85 (0.22) | 3.37 (0.86) |
K | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3149 | 1.60 | 2.12 | 9 | 21 | 0.75 (0.19) | 2.64 (0.66) |
L | WHIPS | Asian | F | 2 | 688 | 1.03 | 1.17 | 21 | 35 | 1.14 (0.36) | 3.16 (1.00) |
M | WHIPS | Asian | F | 1.5 | 521 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 14 | 22 | 0.91 (0.30) | 3.69 (1.20) |
N | TECC | Asian | F | 8 | 2072 | 1.51 | 1.92 | 18 | 33 | 1.03 (0.27) | 4.45 (1.17) |
O | TECC | Asian | M | 6 | 1740 | 1.52 | 2.00 | 18 | 28 | 0.62 (0.16) | 4.92 (1.29) |
Subject elephant . | Facility . | Species . | Sex . | Age (years) . | Mass (kg) . | Hip height (m) . | Shoulder height (m) . | No. of valid trials . | No. of strides . | Min. speed, m s–1 (û) . | Max. speed, m s–1 (û) . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | THUR | African | F | 5 | 930 | 1.18 | 1.74 | 10 | 10 | 1.22 (0.36) | 2.89 (0.86) |
B | COLCH | African | F | 26 | 3512 | 1.91 | 2.72 | 11 | 19 | 1.18 (0.27) | 2.10 (0.48) |
C | COLCH | African | F | 23 | 3438 | 2.03 | 2.70 | 6 | 13 | 1.44 (0.33) | 1.70 (0.39) |
D | COLCH | African | F | 23 | 3100 | 1.99 | 2.39 | 10 | 22 | 1.64 (0.37) | 2.35 (0.54) |
E | WMSP | African | M | 13 | 3230 | 2.03 | 2.59 | 2 | 2 | 1.48 (0.34) | 1.50 (0.35) |
F | WMSP | African | F | 14 | 2780 | 2.06 | 2.47 | 8 | 8 | 1.35 (0.31) | 1.64 (0.37) |
G | WMSP | African | F | 13 | 2550 | 1.84 | 2.41 | 13 | 9 | 1.38 (0.32) | 2.87 (0.67) |
H | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3684 | 1.70 | 2.00 | 10 | 36 | 0.95 (0.23) | 3.73 (0.91) |
I | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3318 | 1.67 | 2.01 | 8 | 14 | 0.77 (0.19) | 2.87 (0.71) |
J | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3161 | 1.56 | 2.03 | 9 | 16 | 0.85 (0.22) | 3.37 (0.86) |
K | WHIPS | Asian | F | 23 | 3149 | 1.60 | 2.12 | 9 | 21 | 0.75 (0.19) | 2.64 (0.66) |
L | WHIPS | Asian | F | 2 | 688 | 1.03 | 1.17 | 21 | 35 | 1.14 (0.36) | 3.16 (1.00) |
M | WHIPS | Asian | F | 1.5 | 521 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 14 | 22 | 0.91 (0.30) | 3.69 (1.20) |
N | TECC | Asian | F | 8 | 2072 | 1.51 | 1.92 | 18 | 33 | 1.03 (0.27) | 4.45 (1.17) |
O | TECC | Asian | M | 6 | 1740 | 1.52 | 2.00 | 18 | 28 | 0.62 (0.16) | 4.92 (1.29) |
Facilities: THUR, Thüringer Zoo, Germany; COLCH, Colchester Zoo, UK;WMSP, West Midlands Safari Park, UK; WHIPS, Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, UK;TECC, Thailand Elephant Conservation Centre, Thailand