Spring constant, projected contact area and elastic modulus for proximal,middle and distal pads of male and female G. viridula beetles
| . | . | Male (N=10) . | . | . | Female (N=3) . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Pad: . | Distal . | Middle . | Proximal . | Distal . | Middle . | Proximal . | ||||
| Spring constant (N m–1) | 57.1±6.4 | 53.7±6.7 | 145.4±12.7 | 82.1±7.0 | 55.3±5.6 | 150.0±11.9 | |||||
| Projected contact area (μm2) | 65277±2802 | 26121±1737 | 87856±2169 | 66016±2512 | 27027±956 | 69692±4876 | |||||
| Effective elastic modulus (kPa) | 34.2±3.2 | 81.1±9.5 | 65.1±5.4 | 53.6±6.1 | 88.0±10.5 | 92.3±5.5 | |||||
| Estimated cuticle modulus (GPa) | 16.14 | 10.42 | 5.24 | 10.46 | 11.39 | 8.30 | |||||
| . | . | Male (N=10) . | . | . | Female (N=3) . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Pad: . | Distal . | Middle . | Proximal . | Distal . | Middle . | Proximal . | ||||
| Spring constant (N m–1) | 57.1±6.4 | 53.7±6.7 | 145.4±12.7 | 82.1±7.0 | 55.3±5.6 | 150.0±11.9 | |||||
| Projected contact area (μm2) | 65277±2802 | 26121±1737 | 87856±2169 | 66016±2512 | 27027±956 | 69692±4876 | |||||
| Effective elastic modulus (kPa) | 34.2±3.2 | 81.1±9.5 | 65.1±5.4 | 53.6±6.1 | 88.0±10.5 | 92.3±5.5 | |||||
| Estimated cuticle modulus (GPa) | 16.14 | 10.42 | 5.24 | 10.46 | 11.39 | 8.30 | |||||
Values are mean ± s.e.m.