. | Metacarpus . | . | . | . | Radius . | . | . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | Outdoor . | . | Treadmill . | . | Outdoor . | . | Treadmill . | . | ||||||
. | Cranial . | Caudal . | Cranial . | Caudal . | Cranial . | Caudal . | Cranial . | Caudal . | ||||||
N | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||
PR | 60±10 | 75±15 | 10±1 | 17±5 | 64±17 | 51±7 | 14±4 | 11±3 | ||||||
Average PR | 69±10 | 14±3 | 57±8 | 12±2 | ||||||||||
DIM | 0.11±0.03 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.03±0.001 | 0.08±0.04 | 0.11±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | 0.05±0.02 | ||||||
Average DIM | 0.12±0.02 | 0.06±0.03 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | ||||||||||
% in zone | 72±20 | 53±19 | 74±26 | 51±28 | 81±7 | 94±2 | 95±2 | 98±2 | ||||||
Average % | 61.2±13.5 | 60.1±18.2 | 88.6±3.7† | 96.5±1.6† | ||||||||||
TSO (deg.) | 74±4 | 68±9 | 72±5 | 68±11 | 14±3 | 81±1 | 10±3 | 81±1 | ||||||
FTSR | 0.26±0.01 | 0.33±0.04 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.30±0.02 | 0.62±0.02 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.63±0.02 | 0.31±0.02 | ||||||
Variance TSO (deg.) | 12.5±9.4 | 15.4±6.7 | 0.98±0.002 | 11.1±10.3 | 18.5±3.8 | 11.6±3.0 | 1.0±0.36 | 3.1±1.6 | ||||||
Variance FTSR | 11.3±6.6 | 14.1±2.3 | 0.23±0.02 | 4.2±3.1 | 8.5±3.1 | 3.7±0.8 | 2.8±1.5 | 0.55±0.23 |
. | Metacarpus . | . | . | . | Radius . | . | . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
. | Outdoor . | . | Treadmill . | . | Outdoor . | . | Treadmill . | . | ||||||
. | Cranial . | Caudal . | Cranial . | Caudal . | Cranial . | Caudal . | Cranial . | Caudal . | ||||||
N | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||
PR | 60±10 | 75±15 | 10±1 | 17±5 | 64±17 | 51±7 | 14±4 | 11±3 | ||||||
Average PR | 69±10 | 14±3 | 57±8 | 12±2 | ||||||||||
DIM | 0.11±0.03 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.03±0.001 | 0.08±0.04 | 0.11±0.01 | 0.08±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | 0.05±0.02 | ||||||
Average DIM | 0.12±0.02 | 0.06±0.03 | 0.09±0.01 | 0.05±0.01 | ||||||||||
% in zone | 72±20 | 53±19 | 74±26 | 51±28 | 81±7 | 94±2 | 95±2 | 98±2 | ||||||
Average % | 61.2±13.5 | 60.1±18.2 | 88.6±3.7† | 96.5±1.6† | ||||||||||
TSO (deg.) | 74±4 | 68±9 | 72±5 | 68±11 | 14±3 | 81±1 | 10±3 | 81±1 | ||||||
FTSR | 0.26±0.01 | 0.33±0.04 | 0.28±0.01 | 0.30±0.02 | 0.62±0.02 | 0.33±0.02 | 0.63±0.02 | 0.31±0.02 | ||||||
Variance TSO (deg.) | 12.5±9.4 | 15.4±6.7 | 0.98±0.002 | 11.1±10.3 | 18.5±3.8 | 11.6±3.0 | 1.0±0.36 | 3.1±1.6 | ||||||
Variance FTSR | 11.3±6.6 | 14.1±2.3 | 0.23±0.02 | 4.2±3.1 | 8.5±3.1 | 3.7±0.8 | 2.8±1.5 | 0.55±0.23 |
All values are means ± s.e.m.; N=number of individuals
Composite measures of variability: PR, participation ratio: DIM, distance to the Individual mean; % in zone refers to the proportion of footfalls that land in the expected loading zone for that surface (see Fig. 2A). The average PR, DIM and % in zone across the cranial and caudal surfaces are shown; †indicates a significant difference between the metacarpus and radius
Separate measures of variability: TSO, tensile strain orientation; FTSR,fractional tensile strain ratio. Variance values for TSO and FTSR are multiplied by 103