Anatomical landmarks used to approximate joint centers of rotation
| Joint . | Anatomical landmark . |
|---|---|
| Shoulder | Midpoint between the acromion process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| Elbow | Midpoint between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the lateral aspect of the radial head |
| Wrist | Radial styloid process |
| Hip | Greater trochanter of the femur |
| Knee | Midpoint between the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the lateral condyle of the tibia |
| Ankle | Lateral malleolus of the fibula |
| Joint . | Anatomical landmark . |
|---|---|
| Shoulder | Midpoint between the acromion process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| Elbow | Midpoint between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the lateral aspect of the radial head |
| Wrist | Radial styloid process |
| Hip | Greater trochanter of the femur |
| Knee | Midpoint between the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the lateral condyle of the tibia |
| Ankle | Lateral malleolus of the fibula |