Mean values of both vertically and horizontally oriented air particle velocities (p-p) around a vibrating bee, at different distances and directions(i–vi) relative to the vibrating bee
| . | . | Particle velocity (mm s–1) in directions i–vi . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Distance (mm) . | (i) . | (ii) . | (iii) . | (iv) . | (v) . | (vi) . | F5,55 . | P . | |||||
| Vertically oriented | 1* | 7.78 | 11.98 | 21.41 | 17.52 | 18.48 | 25.47 | – | – | |||||
| 2* | 5.65 | 7.53 | 11.06 | 10.09 | 10.18 | 13.25 | – | – | ||||||
| 3* | 4.57 | 5.49 | 7.46 | 7.09 | 7.02 | 8.95 | – | – | ||||||
| 4* | 3.84 | 4.32 | 5.63 | 5.46 | 5.36 | 6.76 | – | – | ||||||
| 5 | 3.31a | 3.58a,b | 4.72b,c | 4.86c,d | 4.67b,c | 6.03d | 11.70 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 10 | 2.00 | 1.82 | 2.00 | 2.02 | 1.93 | 2.02 | 0.74 | 0.60 n.s. | ||||||
| 15 | 1.33 | 1.26 | 1.41 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.62 | 0.17 n.s. | ||||||
| 20 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.43 | 0.23 n.s. | ||||||
| Horizontally oriented | 1* | 20.84 | 10.86 | 9.92 | 10.68 | 9.66 | 10.88 | – | – | |||||
| 2* | 16.22 | 9.15 | 8.27 | 8.90 | 8.21 | 9.17 | – | – | ||||||
| 3* | 12.87 | 7.78 | 6.96 | 7.50 | 7.03 | 7.79 | – | – | ||||||
| 4* | 10.39 | 6.67 | 5.92 | 6.37 | 6.07 | 6.68 | – | – | ||||||
| 5 | 8.57a | 5.82b | 5.16b | 5.53b | 5.34b | 5.83b | 11.17 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 10 | 3.34a | 2.82a,b | 2.31b | 2.57b | 2.64a,b | 2.83a,b | 4.17 | 0.003 | ||||||
| 15 | 1.98a | 1.76a,b | 1.48c | 1.54b,c | 1.70b,c | 1.76a,b | 7.85 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 20 | 1.55 | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.41 | 1.36 | 1.43 | 1.76 | 0.14 n.s. | ||||||
| . | . | Particle velocity (mm s–1) in directions i–vi . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Distance (mm) . | (i) . | (ii) . | (iii) . | (iv) . | (v) . | (vi) . | F5,55 . | P . | |||||
| Vertically oriented | 1* | 7.78 | 11.98 | 21.41 | 17.52 | 18.48 | 25.47 | – | – | |||||
| 2* | 5.65 | 7.53 | 11.06 | 10.09 | 10.18 | 13.25 | – | – | ||||||
| 3* | 4.57 | 5.49 | 7.46 | 7.09 | 7.02 | 8.95 | – | – | ||||||
| 4* | 3.84 | 4.32 | 5.63 | 5.46 | 5.36 | 6.76 | – | – | ||||||
| 5 | 3.31a | 3.58a,b | 4.72b,c | 4.86c,d | 4.67b,c | 6.03d | 11.70 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 10 | 2.00 | 1.82 | 2.00 | 2.02 | 1.93 | 2.02 | 0.74 | 0.60 n.s. | ||||||
| 15 | 1.33 | 1.26 | 1.41 | 1.26 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.62 | 0.17 n.s. | ||||||
| 20 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.43 | 0.23 n.s. | ||||||
| Horizontally oriented | 1* | 20.84 | 10.86 | 9.92 | 10.68 | 9.66 | 10.88 | – | – | |||||
| 2* | 16.22 | 9.15 | 8.27 | 8.90 | 8.21 | 9.17 | – | – | ||||||
| 3* | 12.87 | 7.78 | 6.96 | 7.50 | 7.03 | 7.79 | – | – | ||||||
| 4* | 10.39 | 6.67 | 5.92 | 6.37 | 6.07 | 6.68 | – | – | ||||||
| 5 | 8.57a | 5.82b | 5.16b | 5.53b | 5.34b | 5.83b | 11.17 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 10 | 3.34a | 2.82a,b | 2.31b | 2.57b | 2.64a,b | 2.83a,b | 4.17 | 0.003 | ||||||
| 15 | 1.98a | 1.76a,b | 1.48c | 1.54b,c | 1.70b,c | 1.76a,b | 7.85 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 20 | 1.55 | 1.44 | 1.35 | 1.41 | 1.36 | 1.43 | 1.76 | 0.14 n.s. | ||||||
See Fig. 1B for details on directions i–vi
Bold letters emphasize highest values measured at the given distance
Particle velocities measured at the same distances (⩾5 mm) but in different directions were compared using one-way repeated measures ANOVA(F-values given). Level for significance of difference: Pcorr.⩽0.025. Values in a row that have same superscript letters did not differ significantly from each other (pairwise comparison: Tukey-test, P>0.05); n.s., not significant
Values extrapolated from hyperbolic decay function (see Appendix 2)