Display train characteristics
| . | Lab* . | . | . | . | Field . | . | . | . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Mean . | s.e.m. . | Max . | N . | Mean . | s.e.m. . | Max . | N . | ||||||
| Total train (includes both stationary and helical phases) | ||||||||||||||
| Pulses per train | 12.79 | 0.30 | 19 | 161 | 12.26 | 0.91 | 19 | 23 | ||||||
| Mean and max train length (vertical)(cm)† | 37.29 | – | 60.7 | – | 35.29 | – | 60.7 | – | ||||||
| Mean and max train duration (s) | 10.86 | 0.29 | 16.3 | 85 | 10.10† | – | 14.12† | – | ||||||
| Swimming speed (cm s–1) | 7.76 | 0.55 | 4 | |||||||||||
| Stationary phase | ||||||||||||||
| Swimming speed (cm s–1) | 7.16 | 0.137 | 9.2 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Distance: horizontal (cm) | –0.08 | 0.240 | 5.26 | 85 | ||||||||||
| Distance: vertical (cm) | –0.31 | 0.21 | 3.59 | 85 | ||||||||||
| Helical phase (see also Fig. 6) | ||||||||||||||
| Pulse number after which helical phase starts | 2.85 | 0.02 | 6 | 85 | ||||||||||
| Swimming speed (actual) (cm s–1) | 8.39 | 0.192 | 13.3 | 8 | ||||||||||
| Vertical swimming speed (apparent) (cm s–1)‡ | 5.41 | |||||||||||||
| Mean width of helix (cm) | 0.73 | 0.02 | 0.83 | 8 | ||||||||||
| Length of one spiral (cm) | 1.96 | |||||||||||||
| Duration of one spiral (ms) | 390 | |||||||||||||
| Spirals per interpulse | 1.92 | |||||||||||||
| Mean pulse duration (ms) (from Table 2) | 210 | 03 | 129 | |||||||||||
| Mean interpulse interval (ms) (from Table 2) | 750 | 07 | 494 | |||||||||||
| Mean interpulse distance (cm) (from Table 2) | 3.77 | 0.05 | 494 | |||||||||||
| . | Lab* . | . | . | . | Field . | . | . | . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Mean . | s.e.m. . | Max . | N . | Mean . | s.e.m. . | Max . | N . | ||||||
| Total train (includes both stationary and helical phases) | ||||||||||||||
| Pulses per train | 12.79 | 0.30 | 19 | 161 | 12.26 | 0.91 | 19 | 23 | ||||||
| Mean and max train length (vertical)(cm)† | 37.29 | – | 60.7 | – | 35.29 | – | 60.7 | – | ||||||
| Mean and max train duration (s) | 10.86 | 0.29 | 16.3 | 85 | 10.10† | – | 14.12† | – | ||||||
| Swimming speed (cm s–1) | 7.76 | 0.55 | 4 | |||||||||||
| Stationary phase | ||||||||||||||
| Swimming speed (cm s–1) | 7.16 | 0.137 | 9.2 | 4 | ||||||||||
| Distance: horizontal (cm) | –0.08 | 0.240 | 5.26 | 85 | ||||||||||
| Distance: vertical (cm) | –0.31 | 0.21 | 3.59 | 85 | ||||||||||
| Helical phase (see also Fig. 6) | ||||||||||||||
| Pulse number after which helical phase starts | 2.85 | 0.02 | 6 | 85 | ||||||||||
| Swimming speed (actual) (cm s–1) | 8.39 | 0.192 | 13.3 | 8 | ||||||||||
| Vertical swimming speed (apparent) (cm s–1)‡ | 5.41 | |||||||||||||
| Mean width of helix (cm) | 0.73 | 0.02 | 0.83 | 8 | ||||||||||
| Length of one spiral (cm) | 1.96 | |||||||||||||
| Duration of one spiral (ms) | 390 | |||||||||||||
| Spirals per interpulse | 1.92 | |||||||||||||
| Mean pulse duration (ms) (from Table 2) | 210 | 03 | 129 | |||||||||||
| Mean interpulse interval (ms) (from Table 2) | 750 | 07 | 494 | |||||||||||
| Mean interpulse distance (cm) (from Table 2) | 3.77 | 0.05 | 494 | |||||||||||
Lab observations with five males (four of them participating in courtship behavior) in the aquarium per trial
Distances and durations extrapolated after pulse 11 with mean lab interpulse interval and distance of the helical phase (because these values were extrapolated, s.e.m. and N values are not applicable)
The slope of the mean interpulse intervals plotted against mean interpulse distances r2=0.999 (see also Fig. 5)