The Company of Biologists

Table 2.

Relationship between applied horizontal force and EMG area for eight recording sites in six extrinsic forelimb muscles

Muscle manipulation	Slope	r²	P-value
Pectoralis super. descending
Rear pull	0.26	0.08	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.44	0.22	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.47	0.27	<0.0001^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.33	0.18	<0.0001^{^*}
Pectoralis profundus (post.)
Rear pull	0.42	0.20	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	–0.17	0.04	0.0086^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.01	0.0002	0.8457
Contralateral pull	0.15	0.04	0.0069^{^*}
Latissimus dorsi (ventral)
Rear pull	0.72	0.64	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	–0.39	0.18	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.14	0.02	0.0778
Contralateral pull	0.22	0.09	<0.0001^{^*}
Latissimus dorsi (dorsal)
Rear pull	0.73	0.63	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	–0.50	0.32	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.13	0.02	0.0815
Contralateral pull	0.16	0.05	0.0089^{^*}
Omotransversarius
Rear pull	0.42	0.26	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.47	0.21	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.15	0.04	0.0086^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.34	0.23	<0.0001^{^*}
Cleidobrachialis
Rear pull	0.43	0.27	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.47	0.26	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.35	0.21	<0.0001^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.34	0.19	<0.0001^{^*}
Cervical trapezius
Rear pull	0.14	0.03	0.0154^{^*}
Front pull	0.20	0.05	0.0014^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.10	0.01	0.1417
Contralateral pull	0.12	0.02	0.0543
Thoracic trapezius
Rear pull	0.29	0.13	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.50	0.33	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.17	0.05	0.0058^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.49	0.43	<0.0001^{^*}

Muscle manipulation	Slope	r²	P-value
Pectoralis super. descending
Rear pull	0.26	0.08	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.44	0.22	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.47	0.27	<0.0001^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.33	0.18	<0.0001^{^*}
Pectoralis profundus (post.)
Rear pull	0.42	0.20	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	–0.17	0.04	0.0086^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.01	0.0002	0.8457
Contralateral pull	0.15	0.04	0.0069^{^*}
Latissimus dorsi (ventral)
Rear pull	0.72	0.64	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	–0.39	0.18	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.14	0.02	0.0778
Contralateral pull	0.22	0.09	<0.0001^{^*}
Latissimus dorsi (dorsal)
Rear pull	0.73	0.63	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	–0.50	0.32	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.13	0.02	0.0815
Contralateral pull	0.16	0.05	0.0089^{^*}
Omotransversarius
Rear pull	0.42	0.26	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.47	0.21	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.15	0.04	0.0086^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.34	0.23	<0.0001^{^*}
Cleidobrachialis
Rear pull	0.43	0.27	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.47	0.26	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.35	0.21	<0.0001^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.34	0.19	<0.0001^{^*}
Cervical trapezius
Rear pull	0.14	0.03	0.0154^{^*}
Front pull	0.20	0.05	0.0014^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.10	0.01	0.1417
Contralateral pull	0.12	0.02	0.0543
Thoracic trapezius
Rear pull	0.29	0.13	<0.0001^{^*}
Front pull	0.50	0.33	<0.0001^{^*}
Ipsilateral pull	0.17	0.05	0.0058^{^*}
Contralateral pull	0.49	0.43	<0.0001^{^*}

Significant at P<0.05