Lengths, strains, and contribution to total change of lengths of muscle–tendon units, muscle fascicles and tendons
| . | Muscle–tendon unit . | Muscle fascicles . | Tendons . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shortest in vivo length (cm) | 40.1±1.8 | – | – |
| Slack length (cm) | 42.3±1.5 | 3.3±0.5 | 39.5±1.6 |
| Pennation at slack length (deg.) | – | 32.2±7.7 | – |
| Maximum length (cm) | 49.1±2.2 | 6.2±1.1 | 43.1±2.0 |
| Pennation at maximum length (deg.) | – | 17.2±4.8 | – |
| Maximum change in length (or, for muscle fascicles, longitudinal displacement)from slack length (cm) | 6.7±1.9 | 3.1±0.9 | 3.6±1.6 |
| Maximum strain (%) | 16.0±4.5 | 86.4±26.8 | 9.2±4.1 |
| Contribution to total change in muscle–tendon length (%) | 100 | 47.6±11.7 | 52.4±11.7 |
| . | Muscle–tendon unit . | Muscle fascicles . | Tendons . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shortest in vivo length (cm) | 40.1±1.8 | – | – |
| Slack length (cm) | 42.3±1.5 | 3.3±0.5 | 39.5±1.6 |
| Pennation at slack length (deg.) | – | 32.2±7.7 | – |
| Maximum length (cm) | 49.1±2.2 | 6.2±1.1 | 43.1±2.0 |
| Pennation at maximum length (deg.) | – | 17.2±4.8 | – |
| Maximum change in length (or, for muscle fascicles, longitudinal displacement)from slack length (cm) | 6.7±1.9 | 3.1±0.9 | 3.6±1.6 |
| Maximum strain (%) | 16.0±4.5 | 86.4±26.8 | 9.2±4.1 |
| Contribution to total change in muscle–tendon length (%) | 100 | 47.6±11.7 | 52.4±11.7 |
Data are means ± s.d. of the six subjects for whom muscle fascicle slack lengths could be measured