Plasma and bladder urine parameters in various osmotic conditions
| Parameter . | Control . | Dry . | Hyper-saline . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change in body mass (%) | -2.3±0.3 | -21.2±1.4** | 12.2±0.9** |
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.4±0.7 | 44.2±1.7** | 22.8±0.9** |
| Plasma | |||
| Osmolality (mOsmol kg-1 H2O) | 224.0±3.1 | 408.4±5.2** | 345.0±2.9** |
| Na+ (mmol l-1) | 102.6±0.7 | 147.4±5.0** | 143.6±1.2** |
| Cl- (mmol l-1) | 68.6±2.0 | 97.0±1.7** | 131.4±3.5** |
| K+ (mmol l-1) | 3.8±0.2 | 6.7±0.2* | 3.6±0.1 |
| Urea (mmol l-1) | 17.0±1.4 | 111.6±7.8** | 56.6±2.1** |
| Bladder urine | |||
| Osmolality (mOsmol kg-1 H2O) | 59.2±3.9 | 378.8±5.6** | 323.6±2.5** |
| Na+ (mmol l-1) | 9.6±0.7 | 15.4±1.5* | 136.2±5.0** |
| Cl- (mmol l-1) | 5.2±0.6 | 7.9±0.3 | 115.4±3.8** |
| K+ (mmol l-1) | 1.7±0.2 | 27.2±0.8** | 1.5±0.1 |
| Urea (mmol l-1) | 41.1±2.1 | 256.9±17.7** | 60.3±3.1* |
| Bladder urine content | ± | - | ++ |
| Ratio of urine to plasma | |||
| U/PNa+ | 0.09±0.01 | 0.10±0.01 | 0.95±0.04** |
| U/Purea | 2.49±0.24 | 2.31±0.05 | 1.07±0.02** |
| Parameter . | Control . | Dry . | Hyper-saline . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change in body mass (%) | -2.3±0.3 | -21.2±1.4** | 12.2±0.9** |
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.4±0.7 | 44.2±1.7** | 22.8±0.9** |
| Plasma | |||
| Osmolality (mOsmol kg-1 H2O) | 224.0±3.1 | 408.4±5.2** | 345.0±2.9** |
| Na+ (mmol l-1) | 102.6±0.7 | 147.4±5.0** | 143.6±1.2** |
| Cl- (mmol l-1) | 68.6±2.0 | 97.0±1.7** | 131.4±3.5** |
| K+ (mmol l-1) | 3.8±0.2 | 6.7±0.2* | 3.6±0.1 |
| Urea (mmol l-1) | 17.0±1.4 | 111.6±7.8** | 56.6±2.1** |
| Bladder urine | |||
| Osmolality (mOsmol kg-1 H2O) | 59.2±3.9 | 378.8±5.6** | 323.6±2.5** |
| Na+ (mmol l-1) | 9.6±0.7 | 15.4±1.5* | 136.2±5.0** |
| Cl- (mmol l-1) | 5.2±0.6 | 7.9±0.3 | 115.4±3.8** |
| K+ (mmol l-1) | 1.7±0.2 | 27.2±0.8** | 1.5±0.1 |
| Urea (mmol l-1) | 41.1±2.1 | 256.9±17.7** | 60.3±3.1* |
| Bladder urine content | ± | - | ++ |
| Ratio of urine to plasma | |||
| U/PNa+ | 0.09±0.01 | 0.10±0.01 | 0.95±0.04** |
| U/Purea | 2.49±0.24 | 2.31±0.05 | 1.07±0.02** |
Values are means ± s.e.m. All groups N=5.*P<0.05 and **P<0.01, significantly different from corresponding control values (ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's test). -,± and ++ indicate that urine volume is less than 1 ml, about 5 ml, and over 15 ml, respectively.