Parameters of FM and buzz clicks produced by untagged whales and recorded close to the sound axis
| . | . | FM clicks . | . | Buzz clicks . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parametera . | Unit . | Median . | (5-95%) . | Median . | (5-95%) . | ||
| Centroid frequency (10-3) | kHz | 38.3 | (34.8-41.6) | 51.3 | (45.3-56.5) | ||
| Lower −10 dB frequency | kHz | 26.6 | (26.0-27.7) | 25.1 | (24.0-27.9) | ||
| −10 dB bandwidth | kHz | 24.6 | (18.8-32.9) | 54.9 | (49.5-57.9) | ||
| RMS bandwidth (10-5) | kHz | 6.9 | (5.3-8.1) | 14.6 | (13.0-17.6) | ||
| 97% energy duration | μs | 271 | (219-321) | 104 | (73-120) | ||
| RMS duration (10-28) | μs | 59 | (50-69) | 29 | (20-37) | ||
| Woodward time resolution (10-19) | μs | 48 | (39-63) | 21 | (20-25) | ||
| Time-bandwidth product (10-31) | - | 0.41 | (0.28-0.55) | 0.44 | (0.27-0.64) | ||
| Start frequency of FM chirp, β | kHz | 24.4 | (22.6-26.8) | - | - | ||
| Modulation rate, γ | kHz ms−1 | 112 | (85-134) | - | - | ||
| . | . | FM clicks . | . | Buzz clicks . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parametera . | Unit . | Median . | (5-95%) . | Median . | (5-95%) . | ||
| Centroid frequency (10-3) | kHz | 38.3 | (34.8-41.6) | 51.3 | (45.3-56.5) | ||
| Lower −10 dB frequency | kHz | 26.6 | (26.0-27.7) | 25.1 | (24.0-27.9) | ||
| −10 dB bandwidth | kHz | 24.6 | (18.8-32.9) | 54.9 | (49.5-57.9) | ||
| RMS bandwidth (10-5) | kHz | 6.9 | (5.3-8.1) | 14.6 | (13.0-17.6) | ||
| 97% energy duration | μs | 271 | (219-321) | 104 | (73-120) | ||
| RMS duration (10-28) | μs | 59 | (50-69) | 29 | (20-37) | ||
| Woodward time resolution (10-19) | μs | 48 | (39-63) | 21 | (20-25) | ||
| Time-bandwidth product (10-31) | - | 0.41 | (0.28-0.55) | 0.44 | (0.27-0.64) | ||
| Start frequency of FM chirp, β | kHz | 24.4 | (22.6-26.8) | - | - | ||
| Modulation rate, γ | kHz ms−1 | 112 | (85-134) | - | - | ||
The median and 5-95% percentile values are given for each parameter.
FM clicks: 139 clicks/50 sequences; buzz clicks: 109 clicks/7 sequences. Parameters for the buzz click are likely influenced by the limited recording bandwidth of 80 kHz.
Defined by Au (Au, 1993) in the equation number given in parentheses following each parameter.