Impulses and forces . | Limb . | Level . | Incline . | Decline . | Substrate differences . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak vertical force | FL | 1.528±0.043* | 0.843±0.038 | 1.342±0.040* | L>U, L>D, U<D |
HL | 0.898±0.045 | 0.935±0.060 | 0.401±0.048 | L=U, L>D, U>D | |
Vertical impulse | FL | 0.04756±0.00190* | 0.04386±0.00162 | 0.07878±0.00170* | L=U, L<D, U<D |
HL | 0.02323±0.00196 | 0.04245±0.00253 | 0.01720±0.00203 | L<U, L>D, U>D | |
Braking impulse | FL | 0.00322±0.00083* | 0.00015±0.00071 | 0.03581±0.00074* | L=U, L<D, U<D |
HL | 0.00092±0.00086 | 0.00014±0.00111 | 0.00796±0.00089 | L=U, L<D, U<D | |
Propulsive impulse | FL | 0.00245±0.00063 | 0.02430±0.00053* | 0±0.00056 | L<U, L>D, U>D |
HL | 0.00312±0.00065 | 0.01784±0.00083 | 0.00001±0.00067 | L<U, L>D, U>D | |
Net mediolateral impulse | FL | -0.00496±0.00109 | -0.00025±0.00093 | -0.00687±0.00100 | L>U, L=D, U<D |
HL | -0.00310±0.00112 | -0.00085±0.00145 | 0.00240±0.00116 | L=U, L=D**,U=D** |
Impulses and forces . | Limb . | Level . | Incline . | Decline . | Substrate differences . |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak vertical force | FL | 1.528±0.043* | 0.843±0.038 | 1.342±0.040* | L>U, L>D, U<D |
HL | 0.898±0.045 | 0.935±0.060 | 0.401±0.048 | L=U, L>D, U>D | |
Vertical impulse | FL | 0.04756±0.00190* | 0.04386±0.00162 | 0.07878±0.00170* | L=U, L<D, U<D |
HL | 0.02323±0.00196 | 0.04245±0.00253 | 0.01720±0.00203 | L<U, L>D, U>D | |
Braking impulse | FL | 0.00322±0.00083* | 0.00015±0.00071 | 0.03581±0.00074* | L=U, L<D, U<D |
HL | 0.00092±0.00086 | 0.00014±0.00111 | 0.00796±0.00089 | L=U, L<D, U<D | |
Propulsive impulse | FL | 0.00245±0.00063 | 0.02430±0.00053* | 0±0.00056 | L<U, L>D, U>D |
HL | 0.00312±0.00065 | 0.01784±0.00083 | 0.00001±0.00067 | L<U, L>D, U>D | |
Net mediolateral impulse | FL | -0.00496±0.00109 | -0.00025±0.00093 | -0.00687±0.00100 | L>U, L=D, U<D |
HL | -0.00310±0.00112 | -0.00085±0.00145 | 0.00240±0.00116 | L=U, L=D**,U=D** |
Abbreviations as in Table 1.
Net mediolateral impulses generated by the hindlimb were medially directed on the level, as indicated by the negative. They were laterally directed on the decline, as indicated by the positive. Thus these net mediolateral impulses in the hindlimb were very different between level and declined trackways, but the absolute values of these impulses were not significantly different.