Myocardial expression levels or activities of several transcription factors (TF) in pressure overloaded hearts
| Transcription factors . | Embryonic and/or foetal changes . | Mechanical effects . | Hormonal effects . |
|---|---|---|---|
| GATA4 | Disruption results in lethality | ⇑ expression | ⇑ under hormonal (α- and β-adrenergic) and vasopeptide (ET-1,angiotensin II) stimuli |
| MEF-2 | Controls cardiac looping and right ventricle formation | ⇑ expression | ? |
| Csx/Nkx2-5 | Disruption arrested looping morphogenesis | ⇑ expression | ⇑ under hormonal (α- and β-adrenergic) stimulus |
| HAND-transcription factors | eHAND plays a role in the differenciation of the left ventricle; dHAND is restricted to the right ventricle | ⇓ expression | ⇓ under hormonal (α-adrenergic) stimulus |
| Transcription factors . | Embryonic and/or foetal changes . | Mechanical effects . | Hormonal effects . |
|---|---|---|---|
| GATA4 | Disruption results in lethality | ⇑ expression | ⇑ under hormonal (α- and β-adrenergic) and vasopeptide (ET-1,angiotensin II) stimuli |
| MEF-2 | Controls cardiac looping and right ventricle formation | ⇑ expression | ? |
| Csx/Nkx2-5 | Disruption arrested looping morphogenesis | ⇑ expression | ⇑ under hormonal (α- and β-adrenergic) stimulus |
| HAND-transcription factors | eHAND plays a role in the differenciation of the left ventricle; dHAND is restricted to the right ventricle | ⇓ expression | ⇓ under hormonal (α-adrenergic) stimulus |
The TFs selected are those known to regulate cardiogenesis during embryonic development [taken in part from information published elsewhere(Akazawa and Komuro,2003)].
GATA4 regulates: α-MHC, Mlc1/3, cTNC, cTNI, ANP, CARP, cNCX1, cM2 R,A1 R, carnitine palmytoyl transferase expressions.
MEF2-binding sequences exist in CK, α-MHC, Mlc1/3, Mlc2v,sα-actin, SERCA, cTNT, cTNC, cTNI, desmin, dystrophin. MEF2 regulates calcium signalling.
Csx/Nkx2-5 regulates: Mlc2v, ANP, BNP, CARP, MEF2-C, eHAND/HAND1, N-myc,Iroquois homeobox gene 4, HOP, cα-actin, A1R, calreticulin, connexion 40, NCX1.
dHAND induces several expressions synergistically with the other transcription factors.