Energy budget calculations based on either (A) fixed flight costs of 20.5 W*and a minimum requirement during the daylight period when not flying(E=RMR), or on (B) estimated energy expenditure when not flying during the daylight period
| . | Foraging conditions . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Rich . | Intermediate . | Poor . | ||
| (A) Flight costs fixed at 20.5 W* | |||||
| Eflight (kJ day−1) | 39.7±2.6 | 105.0±11.5 | 167.4±15.8 | ||
| Enonflight day (kJ day−1) | 51.7±1.1 | 43.5±1.0 | 36.2±1.4 | ||
| MRnonflight day (×BMR) | 1.84±0.10 | 1.59±0.19 | 0.87±0.26 | ||
| Budget fit (kJ day−1) | 24.6±4.0 | 11.8±6.4 | −10.9±7.5 | ||
| (B) Flight costs estimated | |||||
| Enonflight day (kJ day−1) | 82.4±2.2 | 65.0±2.4 | 52.2±2.1 | ||
| Eflight (kJ day−1) | 33.6±6.0 | 95.4±16.9 | 140.4±9.8 | ||
| MRflight (W) | 16.99±2.37 | 17.90±1.56 | 17.50±0.78 | ||
| Budget fit (kJ day−1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| . | Foraging conditions . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Rich . | Intermediate . | Poor . | ||
| (A) Flight costs fixed at 20.5 W* | |||||
| Eflight (kJ day−1) | 39.7±2.6 | 105.0±11.5 | 167.4±15.8 | ||
| Enonflight day (kJ day−1) | 51.7±1.1 | 43.5±1.0 | 36.2±1.4 | ||
| MRnonflight day (×BMR) | 1.84±0.10 | 1.59±0.19 | 0.87±0.26 | ||
| Budget fit (kJ day−1) | 24.6±4.0 | 11.8±6.4 | −10.9±7.5 | ||
| (B) Flight costs estimated | |||||
| Enonflight day (kJ day−1) | 82.4±2.2 | 65.0±2.4 | 52.2±2.1 | ||
| Eflight (kJ day−1) | 33.6±6.0 | 95.4±16.9 | 140.4±9.8 | ||
| MRflight (W) | 16.99±2.37 | 17.90±1.56 | 17.50±0.78 | ||
| Budget fit (kJ day−1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
RMR, resting metabolic rate (MR); E, energy expenditure.
The calculated energy budget components are within bold borders. Budget fit shows the difference between actual and calculated budgets. Values (mean± s.e.m.) are averages from calculations for each individual for each treatment.
Fixed flight costs in A are taken from Hambly et al.(2004).