. | Female . | . | . | . | Male . | . | . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season . | N . | Mean Tab,D . | Mean Tab,min . | Mean Tab,max . | N . | Mean Tab,D . | Mean Tab,min . | Mean Tab,max . | ||||||
Summer | 27 | 35.8±0.33 | 29.4±0.68 | 39.1±0.27λ,γ | 25 | 36.3±0.29 | 29.9±0.64 | 39.6±0.11λ,γ | ||||||
Mid-Winter | 19 | 35.0±0.47 | 31.0±0.84 | 37.7±0.37γ | 18 | 35.6±0.36 | 30.6±0.74 | 38.4±0.13γ | ||||||
Late-Winter | 12 | 34.7±0.53 | 30.2±0.90 | 37.6±0.58λ | 10 | 36.2±0.49 | 32.0±1.09 | 38.7±0.21λ |
. | Female . | . | . | . | Male . | . | . | . | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season . | N . | Mean Tab,D . | Mean Tab,min . | Mean Tab,max . | N . | Mean Tab,D . | Mean Tab,min . | Mean Tab,max . | ||||||
Summer | 27 | 35.8±0.33 | 29.4±0.68 | 39.1±0.27λ,γ | 25 | 36.3±0.29 | 29.9±0.64 | 39.6±0.11λ,γ | ||||||
Mid-Winter | 19 | 35.0±0.47 | 31.0±0.84 | 37.7±0.37γ | 18 | 35.6±0.36 | 30.6±0.74 | 38.4±0.13γ | ||||||
Late-Winter | 12 | 34.7±0.53 | 30.2±0.90 | 37.6±0.58λ | 10 | 36.2±0.49 | 32.0±1.09 | 38.7±0.21λ |
GLM was used to investigate the change in temperature. Tab,D and Tab,max were significantly greater in male penguins (P=0.027 and 0.005, respectively). There was significant effect of season on Tab,max only(P<0.0001). Differences between pairs of temperatures as indicated by post-hoc Tukey tests are represented by the following symbolsλ,γ.