Kinematic parameters for zebrafish larvae during cyclic swimming and slow starts
| Age (days) . | L (mm) . | Ū1 (s-1) . | sm . | f(s-1) . | A . | U/V . | J . | S . | αa (deg.) . | λ . | Re . | Ntb . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyclic swimming | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3.5 | 9.3±3.0 (25) | ±1.8 (5) | 40 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 49 | 0.96 | 100 | 5 | ||
| 2 | 3.5 | 37.5±6.1 (14) | ±0.6 (2) | 71 | 0.20 | 0.48 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 34 | 1.05 | 450 | 2 | ||
| 3 | 3.9 | 8.1±2.7 (32) | ±1.0 (5) | 31 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 49 | 1.01 | 100 | 5 | ||
| 3 | 3.9 | 55.3±7.9 (11) | ±0.9 (3) | 100 | 0.23 | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.55 | 23 | 1.09 | 850 | 3 | ||
| 4 | 4.2 | 43.8±3.2 (15) | ±0.2 (2) | 68 | 0.24 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 27 | 1.03 | 750 | 2 | ||
| 5 | 4.3 | 16.0±1.4 (24) | ±2.7 (2) | 42 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.38 | 46 | 0.99 | 300 | 2 | ||
| 5 | 4.3 | 48.4±8.0 (12) | ±0.9 (5) | 80 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 30 | 1.02 | 900 | 5 | ||
| 7 | 4.4 | 17.8±0.9 (18) | ±0.0 (2) | 56 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.70 | 0.32 | 36 | 0.94 | 350 | 2 | ||
| 7 | 4.4 | 44.9±5.8 (14) | ±0.0 (2) | 73 | 0.21 | 0.53 | 0.72 | 0.62 | 26 | 1.15 | 900 | 2 | ||
| Slow start (values for second tail beat) | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3.5 | 3.9±0.7 (16) | ±2.7 (13) | 61 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 65 | 0.70 | 50 | 13 | ||
| 4 | 4.2 | 4.1±1.0 (36) | ±1.1 (7) | 28 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 70 | 0.76 | 70 | 7 | ||
| 7 | 4.4 | 4.9±0.4 (30) | ±1.5 (6) | 33 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 68 | 0.86 | 100 | 6 | ||
| 14 | 6.4 | 7.0±0.7 (33) | ±1.1 (5) | 30 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 52 | 0.81 | 300 | 5 | ||
| Age (days) . | L (mm) . | Ū1 (s-1) . | sm . | f(s-1) . | A . | U/V . | J . | S . | αa (deg.) . | λ . | Re . | Ntb . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyclic swimming | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3.5 | 9.3±3.0 (25) | ±1.8 (5) | 40 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 49 | 0.96 | 100 | 5 | ||
| 2 | 3.5 | 37.5±6.1 (14) | ±0.6 (2) | 71 | 0.20 | 0.48 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 34 | 1.05 | 450 | 2 | ||
| 3 | 3.9 | 8.1±2.7 (32) | ±1.0 (5) | 31 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 49 | 1.01 | 100 | 5 | ||
| 3 | 3.9 | 55.3±7.9 (11) | ±0.9 (3) | 100 | 0.23 | 0.55 | 0.69 | 0.55 | 23 | 1.09 | 850 | 3 | ||
| 4 | 4.2 | 43.8±3.2 (15) | ±0.2 (2) | 68 | 0.24 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.64 | 27 | 1.03 | 750 | 2 | ||
| 5 | 4.3 | 16.0±1.4 (24) | ±2.7 (2) | 42 | 0.19 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 0.38 | 46 | 0.99 | 300 | 2 | ||
| 5 | 4.3 | 48.4±8.0 (12) | ±0.9 (5) | 80 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 30 | 1.02 | 900 | 5 | ||
| 7 | 4.4 | 17.8±0.9 (18) | ±0.0 (2) | 56 | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.70 | 0.32 | 36 | 0.94 | 350 | 2 | ||
| 7 | 4.4 | 44.9±5.8 (14) | ±0.0 (2) | 73 | 0.21 | 0.53 | 0.72 | 0.62 | 26 | 1.15 | 900 | 2 | ||
| Slow start (values for second tail beat) | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | 3.5 | 3.9±0.7 (16) | ±2.7 (13) | 61 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 65 | 0.70 | 50 | 13 | ||
| 4 | 4.2 | 4.1±1.0 (36) | ±1.1 (7) | 28 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 70 | 0.76 | 70 | 7 | ||
| 7 | 4.4 | 4.9±0.4 (30) | ±1.5 (6) | 33 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 68 | 0.86 | 100 | 6 | ||
| 14 | 6.4 | 7.0±0.7 (33) | ±1.1 (5) | 30 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 52 | 0.81 | 300 | 5 | ||
Each row contains the data for one sequence. For cyclic swimming, the slowest and the fastest sequence is given if it contains more than one tail beat.
L, body length; Ū1, specific mean swimming speed ± s.d. (N, number of frames); sm,s.d. of mean swimming speed (N, number of tail beats); f, tail beat frequency; A, tail beat amplitude; U/V, slip; J, advance ratio; S, stride length;α a, angle of attack of the tail; λ, body wave length; Re, Reynolds number; Ntb, number of tail beats analysed.