Body parameters prior to manipulation
| Parameter . | Value . |
|---|---|
| Body mass (g) | 98.8±2.33 |
| Wing span (cm) | 46.9±0.534 |
| Wing area (cm2) | 304.31±7.22 |
| Wing loading (g cm2) | 0.334±0.006 |
| Wing amplitude (deg.) | 122.54±2.81 |
| Upstroke duration (s) | 0.059±0.0017 |
| Downstroke duration (s) | 0.054±0.0015 |
| Speed (m s-1) | 7.2±0.17 |
| Wing beat frequency (beats s-1) | 9.21±0.0824 |
| Parameter . | Value . |
|---|---|
| Body mass (g) | 98.8±2.33 |
| Wing span (cm) | 46.9±0.534 |
| Wing area (cm2) | 304.31±7.22 |
| Wing loading (g cm2) | 0.334±0.006 |
| Wing amplitude (deg.) | 122.54±2.81 |
| Upstroke duration (s) | 0.059±0.0017 |
| Downstroke duration (s) | 0.054±0.0015 |
| Speed (m s-1) | 7.2±0.17 |
| Wing beat frequency (beats s-1) | 9.21±0.0824 |
Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=15 flights across 5 individuals).