. | Antenna size (length × diameter) . | . | . | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect (%) cf. Control birds . | 200 mm×2 mm . | 150 mm×3 mm . | 200 mm×3 mm . | ||
Increase in penguin mass | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.16 | ||
Increase in penguin cross-sectional area | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.33 | ||
Increase in drag at normal speed (1.77 m s-1) | 30 | 39 | 81 | ||
Increase in energy expenditure at normal speed (1.77 m s-1) | 23 | 31 | 79 | ||
Increase in drag at prey capture speed (2.25 m s-1) | 39 | 49 | 95 | ||
Increase in energy expenditure at capture speed (2.25 m s-1) | 48 | 65 | 147 | ||
Percentage effective foraging efficiency of equipped bird | 49 | 41 | 22 |
. | Antenna size (length × diameter) . | . | . | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect (%) cf. Control birds . | 200 mm×2 mm . | 150 mm×3 mm . | 200 mm×3 mm . | ||
Increase in penguin mass | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.16 | ||
Increase in penguin cross-sectional area | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.33 | ||
Increase in drag at normal speed (1.77 m s-1) | 30 | 39 | 81 | ||
Increase in energy expenditure at normal speed (1.77 m s-1) | 23 | 31 | 79 | ||
Increase in drag at prey capture speed (2.25 m s-1) | 39 | 49 | 95 | ||
Increase in energy expenditure at capture speed (2.25 m s-1) | 48 | 65 | 147 | ||
Percentage effective foraging efficiency of equipped bird | 49 | 41 | 22 |
Control birds = 100% for all parameters.