Mean muscle strain and activation phase in leopard sharks swimming at approx. 1.0 L s–1
| Body position . | Strain (%) . | EMG onset (degrees) . | EMG offset (degrees) . | Duty cycle (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.42±0.024 L | ±3.9±0.3 (8) | 54.2±4.4 (8) | 165.2±5.5 (8) | 30.9±1.5 (8) |
| 0.61±0.02 L | ±6.6±0.2 (8) | 51.4±3.2 (9) | 163.1±5.9 (9) | 31.0±1.4 (9) |
| 0.72±0.023 L | ±4.8±0.4 (4) | 61.8±4.4 (4) | 159.7±9.4 (4) | 25.8±2.8 (4) |
| Body position . | Strain (%) . | EMG onset (degrees) . | EMG offset (degrees) . | Duty cycle (%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.42±0.024 L | ±3.9±0.3 (8) | 54.2±4.4 (8) | 165.2±5.5 (8) | 30.9±1.5 (8) |
| 0.61±0.02 L | ±6.6±0.2 (8) | 51.4±3.2 (9) | 163.1±5.9 (9) | 31.0±1.4 (9) |
| 0.72±0.023 L | ±4.8±0.4 (4) | 61.8±4.4 (4) | 159.7±9.4 (4) | 25.8±2.8 (4) |
Values are means ± S.E.M. representing variation among leopard shark individuals; sample sizes are in parentheses.