Individual . | Age/sex . | N . | Unipod. . | Biped. . | Biman. . | Diag. pair . | Lateral pair . | Triplet . | Quadrupedal . | Mean no. of supp. limbs . | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individuals | |||||||||||
Jersey Zoo | |||||||||||
A | Male subadult | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.0 | 0.3 | 44.1 | 25.6 | 2.95 | |
B | Female adult | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42.0 | 3.1 | 38.0 | 16.8 | 2.71 | |
C | Female adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25.6 | 4.3 | 41.4 | 28.7 | 2.99 | |
D | Male juvenile | 16 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 22.8 | 19.6 | 42.9 | 14.6 | 2.72 | |
E | Male juvenile | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 8.9 | 63.1 | 7.9 | 2.79 | |
Sumatra | |||||||||||
F | Male subadult | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32.8 | 4.5 | 49.5 | 13.1 | 2.76 | |
G+ | Female adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 31.8 | 3 | 41.3 | 23.9 | 2.93 | |
H+ | Female adult | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.7 | 1.7 | 53.0 | 23.6 | 3.00 | |
I+ | Female adult | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29.3 | 5.9 | 54.6 | 10.2 | 2.75 | |
J+ | Female adult | 10 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 30.8 | 7.1 | 44.4 | 15.2 | 2.72 | |
K | Female adult | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.2 | 5.2 | 56.1 | 15.4 | 2.87 | |
L | Female adult | 7 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 26.0 | 6.7 | 46.5 | 20.1 | 2.86 | |
M | Male adolescent | 13 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 29.3 | 2.5 | 51.0 | 16.4 | 2.83 | |
N | Indet. juvenile | 4 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 | 21.0 | 24.1 | 41.3 | 8.6 | 2.53 | |
O | Male adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.1 | 1.2 | 66.9 | 15.9 | 2.99 | |
P | Male subadult | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.6 | 3.8 | 52.8 | 22.8 | 2.98 | |
Q | Female adult | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.8 | 71.2 | 15.1 | 3.02 | |
Q+ | Female adult | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.2 | 9.0 | 62.1 | 17.6 | 2.97 | |
Extended-elbow vertical climbing | |||||||||||
H+ | Female adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.8 | 66.2 | 24.9 | 3.16 | |
K | Female adult | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 72.1 | 22.7 | 3.18 | |
Groups | |||||||||||
Flexed-elbow vertical climbing | |||||||||||
Adult females (B, C, K, L) | 27 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 30.1 | 4.8 | 45.3 | 19.6 | 2.84 | ||
Mothers (G+, H+, I+, J+) | 32 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 27.1 | 4.1 | 48.3 | 19.8 | 2.88 | ||
Wild mother (Q) | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.7 | 10.1 | 64.1 | 17.0 | 2.98 | ||
Adult male (O) | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.1 | 1.2 | 66.9 | 15.9 | 2.99 | ||
Subadult males (A, F, P) | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29.9 | 3.1 | 48.5 | 18.6 | 2.86 | ||
Adolescent male (M) | 13 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 29.3 | 2.5 | 51.0 | 16.4 | 2.83 | ||
Juveniles (D, E, N) | 23 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 22.1 | 19.0 | 45.3 | 12.7 | 2.70 | ||
Captive (A, B, C) | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 2.5 | 41.0 | 23.1 | 2.87 | ||
Rehabilitant (F, G, H, I, J, K, L) | 57 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.2 | 27.8 | 4.6 | 49.3 | 17.8 | 2.85 | ||
Wild (O, P, Q) | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.6 | 6.0 | 62.6 | 17.9 | 2.98 | ||
Extended-elbow vertical climbing | |||||||||||
Adult females (H+, K) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.9 | 1.3 | 68.9 | 23.9 | 3.17 |
Individual . | Age/sex . | N . | Unipod. . | Biped. . | Biman. . | Diag. pair . | Lateral pair . | Triplet . | Quadrupedal . | Mean no. of supp. limbs . | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individuals | |||||||||||
Jersey Zoo | |||||||||||
A | Male subadult | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30.0 | 0.3 | 44.1 | 25.6 | 2.95 | |
B | Female adult | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42.0 | 3.1 | 38.0 | 16.8 | 2.71 | |
C | Female adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25.6 | 4.3 | 41.4 | 28.7 | 2.99 | |
D | Male juvenile | 16 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 22.8 | 19.6 | 42.9 | 14.6 | 2.72 | |
E | Male juvenile | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 8.9 | 63.1 | 7.9 | 2.79 | |
Sumatra | |||||||||||
F | Male subadult | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32.8 | 4.5 | 49.5 | 13.1 | 2.76 | |
G+ | Female adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 31.8 | 3 | 41.3 | 23.9 | 2.93 | |
H+ | Female adult | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.7 | 1.7 | 53.0 | 23.6 | 3.00 | |
I+ | Female adult | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29.3 | 5.9 | 54.6 | 10.2 | 2.75 | |
J+ | Female adult | 10 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 30.8 | 7.1 | 44.4 | 15.2 | 2.72 | |
K | Female adult | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23.2 | 5.2 | 56.1 | 15.4 | 2.87 | |
L | Female adult | 7 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 26.0 | 6.7 | 46.5 | 20.1 | 2.86 | |
M | Male adolescent | 13 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 29.3 | 2.5 | 51.0 | 16.4 | 2.83 | |
N | Indet. juvenile | 4 | 4.9 | 0 | 0 | 21.0 | 24.1 | 41.3 | 8.6 | 2.53 | |
O | Male adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.1 | 1.2 | 66.9 | 15.9 | 2.99 | |
P | Male subadult | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.6 | 3.8 | 52.8 | 22.8 | 2.98 | |
Q | Female adult | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.8 | 71.2 | 15.1 | 3.02 | |
Q+ | Female adult | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.2 | 9.0 | 62.1 | 17.6 | 2.97 | |
Extended-elbow vertical climbing | |||||||||||
H+ | Female adult | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.8 | 66.2 | 24.9 | 3.16 | |
K | Female adult | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 72.1 | 22.7 | 3.18 | |
Groups | |||||||||||
Flexed-elbow vertical climbing | |||||||||||
Adult females (B, C, K, L) | 27 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 30.1 | 4.8 | 45.3 | 19.6 | 2.84 | ||
Mothers (G+, H+, I+, J+) | 32 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.4 | 27.1 | 4.1 | 48.3 | 19.8 | 2.88 | ||
Wild mother (Q) | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.7 | 10.1 | 64.1 | 17.0 | 2.98 | ||
Adult male (O) | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.1 | 1.2 | 66.9 | 15.9 | 2.99 | ||
Subadult males (A, F, P) | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29.9 | 3.1 | 48.5 | 18.6 | 2.86 | ||
Adolescent male (M) | 13 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 29.3 | 2.5 | 51.0 | 16.4 | 2.83 | ||
Juveniles (D, E, N) | 23 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 22.1 | 19.0 | 45.3 | 12.7 | 2.70 | ||
Captive (A, B, C) | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 2.5 | 41.0 | 23.1 | 2.87 | ||
Rehabilitant (F, G, H, I, J, K, L) | 57 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.2 | 27.8 | 4.6 | 49.3 | 17.8 | 2.85 | ||
Wild (O, P, Q) | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.6 | 6.0 | 62.6 | 17.9 | 2.98 | ||
Extended-elbow vertical climbing | |||||||||||
Adult females (H+, K) | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.9 | 1.3 | 68.9 | 23.9 | 3.17 |
Support types are classified according to Vilensky and Gankiewicz(1989). Quadrupedal = support by all four limbs; triplet = support by any combination of three limbs; Diag. pair = support by either combination of diagonal limbs; Lateral pair = support by either pair of ipsilateral limbs; Unipod. = support by any single limb;Biped. = support by both feet; Biman. = support by both hands. + signifies an adult female carrying an infant. For each individual/group, the most frequent limb combination is highlighted in bold.