Results from a two-way ANOVA of the effects of individual and treatment on swimming kinematic variables
| Variable . | Individual (6,80) . | Treatment (3,18) . | Individual × treatment (18,80) . | Summary of pairwise Bonferroni—Dunn post-hoc probability matrix . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tail-beat frequency (Hz) | 6.7** | 317.9** | 4.7** | FS>smD4.5>smD2.5=laD4.5 |
| Body wavelength (L) | 0.8 | 77.5** | 1.3 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5>FS |
| Snout amplitude (L) | 1.6 | 198.4** | 1.4 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5=FS |
| COM amplitude (L) | 1.3 | 178.0** | 1.8 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5=FS |
| 50% L amplitude (L) | 2.2 | 192.7** | 1.9 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5>FS |
| Tail-beat amplitude (L) | 3.6* | 261.9** | 1.3 | laD4.5>smD4.5>smD2.5>FS |
| Max. body curvature (l/L) | 2.4 | 5.8* | 0.8 | laD4.5>smD2.5, smD2.5=smD4.5=FS, smD4.5=laD4.5 |
| Location of max. curvature (L) | 5.2** | 5.3* | 1.0 | FS>smD2.5=smD4.5>laD4.5 |
| Distance downstream from cylinder (L) | 7.9** | 1.3 | 5.6** | — |
| (6,60)† | (2,12)† | (12,60)† | ||
| Maximum head angle (degrees) | 5.1** | 5.2* | 1.8 | smD2.5=smD4.5=laD4.5>FS, smD4.5=FS |
| Variable . | Individual (6,80) . | Treatment (3,18) . | Individual × treatment (18,80) . | Summary of pairwise Bonferroni—Dunn post-hoc probability matrix . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tail-beat frequency (Hz) | 6.7** | 317.9** | 4.7** | FS>smD4.5>smD2.5=laD4.5 |
| Body wavelength (L) | 0.8 | 77.5** | 1.3 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5>FS |
| Snout amplitude (L) | 1.6 | 198.4** | 1.4 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5=FS |
| COM amplitude (L) | 1.3 | 178.0** | 1.8 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5=FS |
| 50% L amplitude (L) | 2.2 | 192.7** | 1.9 | laD4.5>smD2.5=smD4.5>FS |
| Tail-beat amplitude (L) | 3.6* | 261.9** | 1.3 | laD4.5>smD4.5>smD2.5>FS |
| Max. body curvature (l/L) | 2.4 | 5.8* | 0.8 | laD4.5>smD2.5, smD2.5=smD4.5=FS, smD4.5=laD4.5 |
| Location of max. curvature (L) | 5.2** | 5.3* | 1.0 | FS>smD2.5=smD4.5>laD4.5 |
| Distance downstream from cylinder (L) | 7.9** | 1.3 | 5.6** | — |
| (6,60)† | (2,12)† | (12,60)† | ||
| Maximum head angle (degrees) | 5.1** | 5.2* | 1.8 | smD2.5=smD4.5=laD4.5>FS, smD4.5=FS |
Data are from 7 individuals (3-4 cycles per individual for each treatment). To increase statistical power in the analyses of downstream cylinder treatments, bow wake data were excluded.
Table entries are F-values, with degrees of freedom in parentheses in the column heading.
Treatments: smD2.5, 2.5 cm diameter cylinder at 2.5 Ls-1; smD4.5, 2.5 cm diameter cylinder at 4.5 Ls-1; laD4.5, 5 cm diameter cylinder at 4.5 Ls-1; FS, free stream at 4.5 L s-1.
Significant at P≤0.05 or **P≤ 0.005, using the sequential Bonferroni method (Rice,1989).
Degrees of freedom for downstream cylinder distances.