Red muscle (RM) vascularization and ultrastructure in sharks and tuna
| . | . | . | . | Capillary numerical density (mm−2) . | . | Muscle fiber . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species (common name; N) . | Mass (kg) . | Fork length (cm) FL . | Sarcomere length (μm) lo . | QA(0) . | QA(π/2) . | Area (μm2) ā(f) . | Diameter *(μm) d̄(f) . | ||
| Isurus oxyrinchus (shortfin mako shark; N=2) | 9.7 | 95 | 2.04±0.01 | 918±59 | 316±28 | 1396±43 | 42.2 | ||
| 12.0 | 100 | 2.07±0.01 | 743±67 | - | 1477±83 | 43.4 | |||
| Mean | 2.055 | 831 | - | 1437 | 42.8 | ||||
| Galeus melastomus (blackmouth catshark; N=7) | - | 484 | - | 1778±308 | 47.6 | ||||
| Etmopterus spinax (velvet belly lantern shark; N=7) | - | 141 | - | 2617±369 | 57.7 | ||||
| Chimaera monstrosa (rabbit fish; N=6) | - | 118 | - | 954±303 | 34.9 | ||||
| Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack tuna; N=8) | ∼2 | 44 | 1.78±0.02 | 2880±171 | 1615±114 | 560±30 | - | ||
| . | . | . | . | Capillary numerical density (mm−2) . | . | Muscle fiber . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species (common name; N) . | Mass (kg) . | Fork length (cm) FL . | Sarcomere length (μm) lo . | QA(0) . | QA(π/2) . | Area (μm2) ā(f) . | Diameter *(μm) d̄(f) . | ||
| Isurus oxyrinchus (shortfin mako shark; N=2) | 9.7 | 95 | 2.04±0.01 | 918±59 | 316±28 | 1396±43 | 42.2 | ||
| 12.0 | 100 | 2.07±0.01 | 743±67 | - | 1477±83 | 43.4 | |||
| Mean | 2.055 | 831 | - | 1437 | 42.8 | ||||
| Galeus melastomus (blackmouth catshark; N=7) | - | 484 | - | 1778±308 | 47.6 | ||||
| Etmopterus spinax (velvet belly lantern shark; N=7) | - | 141 | - | 2617±369 | 57.7 | ||||
| Chimaera monstrosa (rabbit fish; N=6) | - | 118 | - | 954±303 | 34.9 | ||||
| Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack tuna; N=8) | ∼2 | 44 | 1.78±0.02 | 2880±171 | 1615±114 | 560±30 | - | ||
| Species (common name; N) . | Capillaries around fiber NCAF . | Capillary-to-fiber ratio NN(c,f) . | Capillary diameter (μm) d̄(c) . | Anisotropy coefficient c(K,0) . | Capillary length per fiber volume (mm−2) JV(c,f) . | Volume density of mitochondria (%) VV . | Volume density of myofibrils (%) VV(my,f) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isurus oxyrinchus (shortfin mako shark; N=2) | 3.74±0.07 | 1.28 | 9.4±0.5 | 1.19 | 1092.4 | 25.2±0.8 †;21.0±0.8 ‡;4.1±0.9 § | 59.7±1.5 |
| 3.64±0.08 | 1.10 | 6.4±0.6 | - | - | 29.5±1.2 †;22.2±1.3 ‡;7.2±1.9 § | 52.3±1.8 | |
| Mean | 3.69 | 1.19 | 7.9 | - | - | 27.4†; 21.6‡; 5.7§ | 56 |
| Galeus melastomus (blackmouth catshark; N=7) | 2.5±0.45 | 0.86 | - | - | - | 34.1±1.9 † | - |
| Etmopterus spinax (velvet belly lantern shark; N=7) | 1.4±0.26 | 0.37 | - | - | - | 30.4±1.8 † | - |
| Chimaera monstrosa (rabbit fish; N=6) | 0.3±0.16 | 0.11 | - | - | - | 5.2±0.9 † | - |
| Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack tuna; N=8) | 4.97±0.13 | 1.59 | 4.0±0.3 | 1.44±0.04 | 4143±242 | 28.5±1.0a, †;19.7±0.6a, ‡;8.8±1.1a, §;24−32b, † | 66.1±0.9 |
| Species (common name; N) . | Capillaries around fiber NCAF . | Capillary-to-fiber ratio NN(c,f) . | Capillary diameter (μm) d̄(c) . | Anisotropy coefficient c(K,0) . | Capillary length per fiber volume (mm−2) JV(c,f) . | Volume density of mitochondria (%) VV . | Volume density of myofibrils (%) VV(my,f) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isurus oxyrinchus (shortfin mako shark; N=2) | 3.74±0.07 | 1.28 | 9.4±0.5 | 1.19 | 1092.4 | 25.2±0.8 †;21.0±0.8 ‡;4.1±0.9 § | 59.7±1.5 |
| 3.64±0.08 | 1.10 | 6.4±0.6 | - | - | 29.5±1.2 †;22.2±1.3 ‡;7.2±1.9 § | 52.3±1.8 | |
| Mean | 3.69 | 1.19 | 7.9 | - | - | 27.4†; 21.6‡; 5.7§ | 56 |
| Galeus melastomus (blackmouth catshark; N=7) | 2.5±0.45 | 0.86 | - | - | - | 34.1±1.9 † | - |
| Etmopterus spinax (velvet belly lantern shark; N=7) | 1.4±0.26 | 0.37 | - | - | - | 30.4±1.8 † | - |
| Chimaera monstrosa (rabbit fish; N=6) | 0.3±0.16 | 0.11 | - | - | - | 5.2±0.9 † | - |
| Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack tuna; N=8) | 4.97±0.13 | 1.59 | 4.0±0.3 | 1.44±0.04 | 4143±242 | 28.5±1.0a, †;19.7±0.6a, ‡;8.8±1.1a, §;24−32b, † | 66.1±0.9 |
All values are means ± s.e.m.
Abbreviations: FL, fork length; QA(0),transverse orientation; QA(π/2), longitudinal orientation.
Data for G. melastomus, E. spinax and C. monstrosa from Totland et al. (1981).
Data for K. pelamis from aMathieu-Costello et al.(1992) and bMoyes et al. (1992).
Fiber diameter estimated by 2[(ā(f)/π)0.5];
values given are VV(mt,f) (total mitochondria);
values given are VV(mi,f) (interfibrillar mitochondria);
values given are VV(ms,f) (subsarcolemmal mitochondria).