The Company of Biologists

Table 5.

Measurements of mean relative lift L_r,ref, mean relative thrust-drag T_r,refand mean relative pitching moment M_r,refat the reference flight condition (U_ref=3.50 m s⁻¹; α_b,ref=7°),together with their partial derivatives with respect to tunnel speed U and body angle α_b, and the calculated pseudo-equilibria for tunnel speed U_eand body angle α_b,e

	Measured parameters
				\({\partial}L_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}{\alpha}_{\mathrm{b}}\)	\({\partial}T_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}{\alpha}_{\mathrm{b}}\)	\({\partial}M_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}{\alpha}_{\mathrm{b}}\)	\({\partial}L_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}U\)	\({\partial}T_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}U\)	\({\partial}M_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}U\)	α_b,e	U_e (m s⁻¹)
Locust	L_r,ref	T_r,ref	M_r,ref	(deg s⁻¹)	(deg s⁻¹)	(deg s⁻¹)	(m⁻¹ s)	(m⁻¹ s)	(m⁻¹ s)	(degrees)	T_r=0	M_r=0
`R'	0.95	1.01	0.84	0.048	−0.025	−0.019	*	−0.43	−0.50	8	5.78	5.13
`G'	0.83	−0.18	−0.26	0.029	−0.038	−0.045	*	−0.59	−0.81	13	2.81	2.84
`B'	0.87	0.94	0.78	0.049	−0.016	−0.015	*	−0.49	−0.59	10	5.33	4.75

	Measured parameters
				\({\partial}L_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}{\alpha}_{\mathrm{b}}\)	\({\partial}T_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}{\alpha}_{\mathrm{b}}\)	\({\partial}M_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}{\alpha}_{\mathrm{b}}\)	\({\partial}L_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}U\)	\({\partial}T_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}U\)	\({\partial}M_{\mathrm{r}}{/}{\partial}U\)	α_b,e	U_e (m s⁻¹)
Locust	L_r,ref	T_r,ref	M_r,ref	(deg s⁻¹)	(deg s⁻¹)	(deg s⁻¹)	(m⁻¹ s)	(m⁻¹ s)	(m⁻¹ s)	(degrees)	T_r=0	M_r=0
`R'	0.95	1.01	0.84	0.048	−0.025	−0.019	*	−0.43	−0.50	8	5.78	5.13
`G'	0.83	−0.18	−0.26	0.029	−0.038	−0.045	*	−0.59	−0.81	13	2.81	2.84
`B'	0.87	0.94	0.78	0.049	−0.016	−0.015	*	−0.49	−0.59	10	5.33	4.75

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