Mean heart rate (fH), mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) with 95% confidence intervals and calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL) of macaroni penguins for dives of different durations
| . | . | . | V̇O2 estimate (ml min-1 kg-1) . | . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dive duration (s) . | Percentage of dives . | fH during dive cycle (beats min-1) . | During dive cycle . | Lower 95% confidence limit . | Upper 95% confidence limit . | cADL, calculated using V̇O2 estimate (s) . | ||
| 2-10 | 2.2 | 173±10 | 33.6±1.5 | 30.7 | 36.5 | 104 | ||
| 12-20 | 3.0 | 169±9 | 32.6±1.4 | 29.8 | 35.5 | 107 | ||
| 22-30 | 3.1 | 161±9 | 30.4±1.4 | 27.6 | 33.2 | 114 | ||
| 32-40 | 3.8 | 158±9 | 29.4±1.4 | 26.6 | 32.2 | 118 | ||
| 42-50 | 4.6 | 158±9 | 29.4±1.4 | 26.6 | 32.1 | 118 | ||
| 52-60 | 6.2 | 153±8 | 28.1±1.4 | 25.3 | 30.8 | 124 | ||
| 62-70 | 7.4 | 151±8 | 27.3±1.4 | 24.6 | 30.1 | 127 | ||
| 72-80 | 9.1 | 148±7 | 26.5±1.4 | 23.8 | 29.2 | 131 | ||
| 82-90 | 9.8 | 146±6 | 26.0±1.4 | 23.3 | 28.7 | 134 | ||
| 92-100 | 11.8 | 146±6 | 26.0±1.4 | 23.3 | 28.7 | 134 | ||
| 102-110 | 12.7 | 145±6 | 25.6±1.4 | 22.9 | 28.3 | 136 | ||
| 112-120 | 10.8 | 144±6 | 25.2±1.4 | 22.5 | 27.9 | 138 | ||
| 122-130 | 7.2 | 143±5 | 25.0±1.4 | 22.3 | 27.7 | 139 | ||
| 132-140 | 4.2 | 144±4 | 25.3±1.4 | 22.6 | 28.0 | 138 | ||
| 142-150 | 2.0 | 141±6 | 24.4±1.4 | 21.7 | 27.1 | 143 | ||
| 152-160 | 1.0 | 137±5 | 23.2±1.4 | 20.4 | 26.0 | 150 | ||
| 162-170 | 0.5 | 133±13 | 22.2±1.5 | 19.2 | 25.2 | 157 | ||
| 172 + | 0.6 | 137±12 | 23.3±1.9 | 19.6 | 27.0 | 149 | ||
| All dives | 100 | 149±7 | 26.8±1.4 | 24.1 | 29.6 | 130 | ||
| . | . | . | V̇O2 estimate (ml min-1 kg-1) . | . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dive duration (s) . | Percentage of dives . | fH during dive cycle (beats min-1) . | During dive cycle . | Lower 95% confidence limit . | Upper 95% confidence limit . | cADL, calculated using V̇O2 estimate (s) . | ||
| 2-10 | 2.2 | 173±10 | 33.6±1.5 | 30.7 | 36.5 | 104 | ||
| 12-20 | 3.0 | 169±9 | 32.6±1.4 | 29.8 | 35.5 | 107 | ||
| 22-30 | 3.1 | 161±9 | 30.4±1.4 | 27.6 | 33.2 | 114 | ||
| 32-40 | 3.8 | 158±9 | 29.4±1.4 | 26.6 | 32.2 | 118 | ||
| 42-50 | 4.6 | 158±9 | 29.4±1.4 | 26.6 | 32.1 | 118 | ||
| 52-60 | 6.2 | 153±8 | 28.1±1.4 | 25.3 | 30.8 | 124 | ||
| 62-70 | 7.4 | 151±8 | 27.3±1.4 | 24.6 | 30.1 | 127 | ||
| 72-80 | 9.1 | 148±7 | 26.5±1.4 | 23.8 | 29.2 | 131 | ||
| 82-90 | 9.8 | 146±6 | 26.0±1.4 | 23.3 | 28.7 | 134 | ||
| 92-100 | 11.8 | 146±6 | 26.0±1.4 | 23.3 | 28.7 | 134 | ||
| 102-110 | 12.7 | 145±6 | 25.6±1.4 | 22.9 | 28.3 | 136 | ||
| 112-120 | 10.8 | 144±6 | 25.2±1.4 | 22.5 | 27.9 | 138 | ||
| 122-130 | 7.2 | 143±5 | 25.0±1.4 | 22.3 | 27.7 | 139 | ||
| 132-140 | 4.2 | 144±4 | 25.3±1.4 | 22.6 | 28.0 | 138 | ||
| 142-150 | 2.0 | 141±6 | 24.4±1.4 | 21.7 | 27.1 | 143 | ||
| 152-160 | 1.0 | 137±5 | 23.2±1.4 | 20.4 | 26.0 | 150 | ||
| 162-170 | 0.5 | 133±13 | 22.2±1.5 | 19.2 | 25.2 | 157 | ||
| 172 + | 0.6 | 137±12 | 23.3±1.9 | 19.6 | 27.0 | 149 | ||
| All dives | 100 | 149±7 | 26.8±1.4 | 24.1 | 29.6 | 130 | ||
Values are means ± S.E.M.