Variable . | Mean . | S.E.M. . | Range . | Units . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kinematics | ||||
Gape onset | -40.68 | 2.72 | -5 to -147 | ms |
Time to peak gape | 35.18 | 1.53 | 16-104 | ms |
Time of peak gape | 23.85 | 1.20 | 5-77 | ms |
Gape peak displacement | 19.25 | 0.56 | 8.76-31.10 | mm |
Gape velocity | 0.49 | 0.02 | 0.13-0.99 | mm ms-1 |
Gape duration | 148.33 | 5.59 | 52-294 | ms |
Ant. hyoid onset | -26.15 | 1.78 | 0 to -83 | ms |
Ant. hyoid time to peak | 39.05 | 1.48 | 16-94 | ms |
Ant. hyoid time of peak | 35.97 | 1.45 | 18-86 | ms |
Ant. hyoid peak displacement | 15.88 | 0.45 | 7.25-25.61 | mm |
Ant. hyoid velocity | 0.53 | 0.03 | 0.11-1.13 | mm ms-1 |
Ant. hyoid duration | 195.24 | 5.88 | 77-365 | ms |
Post. hyoid onset | -27.73 | 2.36 | -2 to -161 | ms |
Post. hyoid time to peak | 38.06 | 1.41 | 18-90 | ms |
Post. hyoid time of peak | 34.53 | 1.48 | 14-92 | ms |
Post. hyoid peak displacement | 12.73 | 0.52 | 4.07-28.54 | mm |
Post. hyoid velocity | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.07-0.66 | mm ms-1 |
Post. hyoid duration | 206.71 | 7.48 | 76-394 | ms |
Suspensorium onset | -19.58 | 1.79 | 8 to -72 | ms |
Suspensorium time to peak | 50.47 | 1.89 | 26-118 | ms |
Suspensorium time of peak | 53.05 | 1.90 | 24-106 | ms |
Suspensorium peak displacement | 15.88 | 0.45 | 7.25-25.61 | mm |
Suspensorium velocity | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.10-0.60 | mm ms-1 |
Suspensorium duration | 227.51 | 6.61 | 82-437 | ms |
Buccal area onset | -18.38 | 2.24 | 90 to -55 | ms |
Buccal area time to peak | 42.61 | 1.91 | 24-104 | ms |
Buccal area time of peak | 45.25 | 2.77 | 22-162 | ms |
Buccal area peak displacement | 741.5 | 38.1 | 231.5-1925.4 | mm2 |
Buccal area velocity | 14.75 | 0.80 | 2.32-38.51 | mm2 ms-1 |
Buccal area duration | 205.33 | 8.04 | 124-422 | ms |
Time of peak rate of change in buccal area | 11.19 | 0.73 | -5-31 | ms |
Time of maximum rate of percentage change in buccal area | 0.56 | 0.47 | -12-12 | ms |
Pressure | ||||
Subambient pressure onset | -24.49 | 0.98 | -8 to -58 | ms |
Peak minimum pressure | -5.22 | 0.28 | -1.61 to -14.56 | kPa |
Rate of pressure drop | -0.25 | 0.02 | -0.07 to -0.86 | kPa ms-1 |
Pressure area | -237.9 | 12.5 | -68 to -616 | kPa ms |
Duration of subambient pressure | 116.8 | 3.8 | 46-223 | ms |
Variable . | Mean . | S.E.M. . | Range . | Units . |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kinematics | ||||
Gape onset | -40.68 | 2.72 | -5 to -147 | ms |
Time to peak gape | 35.18 | 1.53 | 16-104 | ms |
Time of peak gape | 23.85 | 1.20 | 5-77 | ms |
Gape peak displacement | 19.25 | 0.56 | 8.76-31.10 | mm |
Gape velocity | 0.49 | 0.02 | 0.13-0.99 | mm ms-1 |
Gape duration | 148.33 | 5.59 | 52-294 | ms |
Ant. hyoid onset | -26.15 | 1.78 | 0 to -83 | ms |
Ant. hyoid time to peak | 39.05 | 1.48 | 16-94 | ms |
Ant. hyoid time of peak | 35.97 | 1.45 | 18-86 | ms |
Ant. hyoid peak displacement | 15.88 | 0.45 | 7.25-25.61 | mm |
Ant. hyoid velocity | 0.53 | 0.03 | 0.11-1.13 | mm ms-1 |
Ant. hyoid duration | 195.24 | 5.88 | 77-365 | ms |
Post. hyoid onset | -27.73 | 2.36 | -2 to -161 | ms |
Post. hyoid time to peak | 38.06 | 1.41 | 18-90 | ms |
Post. hyoid time of peak | 34.53 | 1.48 | 14-92 | ms |
Post. hyoid peak displacement | 12.73 | 0.52 | 4.07-28.54 | mm |
Post. hyoid velocity | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.07-0.66 | mm ms-1 |
Post. hyoid duration | 206.71 | 7.48 | 76-394 | ms |
Suspensorium onset | -19.58 | 1.79 | 8 to -72 | ms |
Suspensorium time to peak | 50.47 | 1.89 | 26-118 | ms |
Suspensorium time of peak | 53.05 | 1.90 | 24-106 | ms |
Suspensorium peak displacement | 15.88 | 0.45 | 7.25-25.61 | mm |
Suspensorium velocity | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.10-0.60 | mm ms-1 |
Suspensorium duration | 227.51 | 6.61 | 82-437 | ms |
Buccal area onset | -18.38 | 2.24 | 90 to -55 | ms |
Buccal area time to peak | 42.61 | 1.91 | 24-104 | ms |
Buccal area time of peak | 45.25 | 2.77 | 22-162 | ms |
Buccal area peak displacement | 741.5 | 38.1 | 231.5-1925.4 | mm2 |
Buccal area velocity | 14.75 | 0.80 | 2.32-38.51 | mm2 ms-1 |
Buccal area duration | 205.33 | 8.04 | 124-422 | ms |
Time of peak rate of change in buccal area | 11.19 | 0.73 | -5-31 | ms |
Time of maximum rate of percentage change in buccal area | 0.56 | 0.47 | -12-12 | ms |
Pressure | ||||
Subambient pressure onset | -24.49 | 0.98 | -8 to -58 | ms |
Peak minimum pressure | -5.22 | 0.28 | -1.61 to -14.56 | kPa |
Rate of pressure drop | -0.25 | 0.02 | -0.07 to -0.86 | kPa ms-1 |
Pressure area | -237.9 | 12.5 | -68 to -616 | kPa ms |
Duration of subambient pressure | 116.8 | 3.8 | 46-223 | ms |
Ant., anterior; Post., posterior.
Onset times and time of peak values are relative to t0(time of peak subambient pressure).
S.E.M. is -1 standard error of the mean.