Summary for activity and processing of TGFβ proteins
| TGFβ . | mRNA dose required for dorsal mesoderm induction (Gsc, Chd) . | mRNA dose required for general mesoderm induction (Xbra) . | Cleavage by endogenous XPACE4 . | Proprotein [levels and Mr (kDa)] . | Mature protein [levels and Mr (kDa)] . | Secreted intermediaries [levels and Mr (kDa)] . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xnr5 | >1 pg | 0.3-1 pg | No | 55 | 20 | - | Takahashi et al., 2000 |
| ActivinB | >2 pg | 1-2 pg | No | 54 | 15 | - | Clements et al., 1999 |
| Xnr2 | >10 pg | 1-10 pg | Yes | ↑ 57 | ↓ 26 | ↑ 33 | Clements et al., 1999; Jones et al., 1995; Eimon and Harland, 2002 |
| Xnr1 | >10 pg | 10 pg | Yes | ↑ 57 | ↓ 24 | - | Clements et al., 1999; Jones et al., 1995 |
| Derrière | >15 pg | 15 pg | No | 50 | 21 | - | Sun et al., 1999 |
| Xnr3 | - | 100-300 pg | Yes | ↑ 53 | ↓ 22 | - | Yokota et al., 2003 |
| A-Vg1 | >20 pg | 20 pg | N/D | 46 | 18 | - | Kessler and Melton, 1995 |
| B-Vg1 | >20 pg | 20 pg | N/D | 46 | 18 | - | Clements et al., 1999; Kessler and Melton, 1995; Thomsen and Melton, 1993 |
| Vg1 (Ser20) | >500 pg | 500 pg | Yes | ↑ 46/44 | ↓ 18 | 35 | |
| Vg1(Pro20) | - | - | N/D | 45/43.5 | 17 | - | Dale et al., 1989; Tannahill and Melton, 1989 |
| TGFβ . | mRNA dose required for dorsal mesoderm induction (Gsc, Chd) . | mRNA dose required for general mesoderm induction (Xbra) . | Cleavage by endogenous XPACE4 . | Proprotein [levels and Mr (kDa)] . | Mature protein [levels and Mr (kDa)] . | Secreted intermediaries [levels and Mr (kDa)] . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xnr5 | >1 pg | 0.3-1 pg | No | 55 | 20 | - | Takahashi et al., 2000 |
| ActivinB | >2 pg | 1-2 pg | No | 54 | 15 | - | Clements et al., 1999 |
| Xnr2 | >10 pg | 1-10 pg | Yes | ↑ 57 | ↓ 26 | ↑ 33 | Clements et al., 1999; Jones et al., 1995; Eimon and Harland, 2002 |
| Xnr1 | >10 pg | 10 pg | Yes | ↑ 57 | ↓ 24 | - | Clements et al., 1999; Jones et al., 1995 |
| Derrière | >15 pg | 15 pg | No | 50 | 21 | - | Sun et al., 1999 |
| Xnr3 | - | 100-300 pg | Yes | ↑ 53 | ↓ 22 | - | Yokota et al., 2003 |
| A-Vg1 | >20 pg | 20 pg | N/D | 46 | 18 | - | Kessler and Melton, 1995 |
| B-Vg1 | >20 pg | 20 pg | N/D | 46 | 18 | - | Clements et al., 1999; Kessler and Melton, 1995; Thomsen and Melton, 1993 |
| Vg1 (Ser20) | >500 pg | 500 pg | Yes | ↑ 46/44 | ↓ 18 | 35 | |
| Vg1(Pro20) | - | - | N/D | 45/43.5 | 17 | - | Dale et al., 1989; Tannahill and Melton, 1989 |
N/D, not determined; ↑, accumulates in XPACE4-depleted embryos; ↓, decreases in XPACE4-depleted embryos.