The effects of FrdMO and DprMO on head formation and morphogenesis
| . | . | . | Phenotypes (%) . | . | . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | . | . | Morphogenetic defects with . | . | . | |||
| Experimental groups . | Dose/embryo . | n* . | Normal . | Normal head . | Microcephaly . | Acephaly . | |||
| Control MO | 16 ng | 70 | 90 | 4 | 6 | 0 | |||
| FrdMO | 16 ng | 38 | 5 | 26 | 61 | 8 | |||
| DprMO | 8 ng | 40 | 15 | 32 | 50 | 3 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO | 4 ng+2 ng | 55 | 29 | 18 | 29 | 24 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO+Frodo | 4 ng+2 ng+1 ng | 56 | 59 | 20 | 16 | 5 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO | 8 ng+4 ng | 97 | 2 | 10 | 25 | 63 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO+Frodo | 8 ng+4 ng+1 ng | 65 | 22 | 35 | 38 | 5 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO+βcat | 8 ng+4 ng+10 pg | 61 | 5 | 67 (18)† | 23 | 5 | |||
| . | . | . | Phenotypes (%) . | . | . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | . | . | Morphogenetic defects with . | . | . | |||
| Experimental groups . | Dose/embryo . | n* . | Normal . | Normal head . | Microcephaly . | Acephaly . | |||
| Control MO | 16 ng | 70 | 90 | 4 | 6 | 0 | |||
| FrdMO | 16 ng | 38 | 5 | 26 | 61 | 8 | |||
| DprMO | 8 ng | 40 | 15 | 32 | 50 | 3 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO | 4 ng+2 ng | 55 | 29 | 18 | 29 | 24 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO+Frodo | 4 ng+2 ng+1 ng | 56 | 59 | 20 | 16 | 5 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO | 8 ng+4 ng | 97 | 2 | 10 | 25 | 63 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO+Frodo | 8 ng+4 ng+1 ng | 65 | 22 | 35 | 38 | 5 | |||
| FrdMO+DprMO+βcat | 8 ng+4 ng+10 pg | 61 | 5 | 67 (18)† | 23 | 5 | |||
Morpholinos (MOs) and mRNAs as indicated above were injected into the equatorial region of two dorsal blastomeres at four-cell stage. Morphological defects were scored at stages 33-35 and expressed as percentage of total number of injected embryos.
Incomplete blastomeres closure (n=44, 98%) was observed in embryos injected with FrdMO and DprMO (8 ng+4 ng), and to a lesser degree in embryos injected with FrdMO (16 ng) or DprMO (8 ng) separately (n=40, 20% and n=38, 32%, respectively).
Data were obtained from three separate experiments.
n, number of scored embryos
Percentage of embryos with enlarged head