A. Rescue of pectoral fin development* | ||||||||||
RA treated | Control (DMSO/ethanol-treated) | |||||||||
Concentration (M) and sample size (n) | Wild type | nls | Sample size (n) | Wild type | nls | |||||
10-9 (n=122) | 91 (75%) | 31 (25%) | n=56 | 48 (86%) | 8 (14%) | |||||
10-8 (n=126) | 97 (77%) | 29 (23%) | n=59 | 41 (69.5%) | 18 (30.5%) | |||||
10-7 (n=115) | 104 (92%) | 11 (8%) | n=54 | 39 (72%) | 15 (28%) | |||||
10-6 (n=56) | 53 (94%) | 3 (6%) | n=59 | 40 (68%) | 19 (32%) | |||||
B. Rescue of caudal head mesoderm‡ | ||||||||||
10-6 (n=56) | 55 (98%) | 1 (2%) | n=59 | 46 (78%) | 13 (22%) | |||||
5×10-7 (n=55) | 55 (100%) | 0 (0%) | n=53 | 42 (79%) | 11 (21%) |
A. Rescue of pectoral fin development* | ||||||||||
RA treated | Control (DMSO/ethanol-treated) | |||||||||
Concentration (M) and sample size (n) | Wild type | nls | Sample size (n) | Wild type | nls | |||||
10-9 (n=122) | 91 (75%) | 31 (25%) | n=56 | 48 (86%) | 8 (14%) | |||||
10-8 (n=126) | 97 (77%) | 29 (23%) | n=59 | 41 (69.5%) | 18 (30.5%) | |||||
10-7 (n=115) | 104 (92%) | 11 (8%) | n=54 | 39 (72%) | 15 (28%) | |||||
10-6 (n=56) | 53 (94%) | 3 (6%) | n=59 | 40 (68%) | 19 (32%) | |||||
B. Rescue of caudal head mesoderm‡ | ||||||||||
10-6 (n=56) | 55 (98%) | 1 (2%) | n=59 | 46 (78%) | 13 (22%) | |||||
5×10-7 (n=55) | 55 (100%) | 0 (0%) | n=53 | 42 (79%) | 11 (21%) |
Treated embryos were classified at 36 hpf for the presence (wild type +rescued nls) or absence (nls) of pectoral fin buds. Embryos from a wild type crosstreated under identical conditions did not show alterations to pectoral fins upon RA treatment.
Embryos were classified by in situ hybridisation at 12 hpf (10-6M) and 17 hpf (5×10-7 M) for distance between krox20and myoD expression. In all experiments, teratogenic effects were observed when treated with 10-6 M RA.