...Colin J. Montpetit; Arash Shahsavarani; Steve F. Perry SUMMARY The current model for the neuronal control of catecholamine release from piscine chromaffin cells advocates that the neurotransmitters vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP...

...Thorsten Schwerte; Susanne Holmgren; Bernd Pelster ABSTRACT The effects of β-adrenergic stimulation, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), adenosine, the nitric oxide (NO)-releasing agent sodium nitroprusside and of metabolic end-products of gas gland cell metabolism on swimbladder blood flow...

... mediated by cholinergic nerves. Tetrodotoxin and atropine relaxed the stomach so that distension was rapid and the maximal volume increased, revealing slower, possibly myogenic, contractions. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonist methysergide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), met-enkephalin...

... gastric relaxation. Somatostatin reversibly suppressed reflex contractions whilst vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) induced gastric relaxation. A model is proposed in which distension initially causes reflex activity via cholinergic and serotonergic nerves, whilst gastric tone remains high...

... inhibited by vagotomy and partly inhibited by injections of atropine or porcine vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Substance P and VIP both increased the rate of secretion in atropinized fish, while 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline did not affect the rate of filling in either control...

...Jörgen Jensen; Michael Axelsson; Susanne Holmgren ABSTRACT The cardiovascular effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in vivo were studied in the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . Special interest was focused on the distribution of blood to the gastrointestinal circulation...