... optimization surface interval between dives There has been interest in how diving species partition their foraging time into that underwater and that at the surface since the early 20th century( Dewar, 1924 ). Diving animals only have access to oxygen via body stores while underwater and use...

... Spheniscus humboldti Spheniscus magellanicus surface interval between dives breathing Air-breathing marine animals that find their food underwater must divide their time between periods spent underwater to seek food and intervals at the surface, where gas exchange takes place( Kooyman, 1989...

... rate surface interval between dives diving behaviour elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris marine mammal swimming aerobic dive limit pinniped. Diving marine mammals must surface for gas exchange, a necessity that affects all their aquatic activities. By rapidly exchanging O 2 and CO...