... elastic structures. In this study, we examined the functional roles of a major ankle extensor muscle, the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and a major knee extensor muscle, the vastus lateralis (VL), through in vivo sonomicrometry and electromyography techniques, during vertical jumping by kangaroo rats. Our...

... in larger animals, distal rat muscles favor economy and show limited fascicle strains across gaits and grades. Electromyography Work Gastrocnemius Plantaris Sonomicrometry Economy Skeletal muscles undergo time-varying force development in relation to neuromotor activation that affects...

...–shortening cycle in rat soleus muscle. Rat Soleus Residual force enhancement Pre-activation Fascicle length Sonomicrometry It is widely known that performance of dynamic movements is augmented by a counter-movement. This phenomenon is called the stretch–shortening cycle (SSC) ( Bosco et al...

...Alexander W. Chen; Walter Herzog ABSTRACT Sonomicrometry is widely applied in biomechanics and physiology to measure precise distances with high temporal resolution. Although commonly used, its usefulness is often limited by the presence of artifacts that require correction. Unfortunately...

... and jaw kinematics and fascicle shortening in the CM, CH and CA quantified using sonomicrometry, with muscle activity and buccal pressure recorded simultaneously. Results from prey capture show that prior to jaw and hyoid depression the CH is actively lengthened by shortening of the in-series CA...

.... We measured muscle length by recording sonomicrometry signals using a Triton 120/2 amplifier (Triton Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). The sonomicrometry transducers featured 2.0 mm crystals (Sonometrics, Inc., London, ON, Canada), and we implanted these in the mid-anterior sternobrachialis...

... using electromyography (EMG, N =4 birds), and we measured changes in PECT length using sonomicrometry ( N =1). Differing markedly from the pattern in other birds, PECT deactivation occurred before the start of downstroke and the SUPRA was deactivated before the start of upstroke. The relative amplitude...

... mechanical power output. * Author for correspondence at present address: Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK ( e.tole@mmu.ac.uk ) 30 9 2009 © 2010. skeletal muscle sonomicrometry mechanical power...

...-spotted bamboo sharks, Chiloscyllium plagiosum and compared it with that in teleosts. The internal movement of cranial elements and pressure in the buccal, hyoid and pharyngeal cavities that are directly responsible for suction generation was quantified using sonomicrometry and pressure transducers...

..., sonomicrometry and tendon force buckles to quantify activation, length change and force patterns of both muscles, respectively. We show that the LG and MG exhibited an increase in force and stress with a change in gait and an increase in locomotor speed, but not with changes in incline. While the LG and MG...

... defined by the rectified curve and the baseline of the muscle activity signal (grey shading). In O. mykiss , SH dist. is sonomicrometry data on strain, measured with two piezoelectric electrodes sutured to the ventral coracoid and urohyal keels, at the sternohyoideus origin and insertion. Note...

...Christopher T. Richards; Andrew A. Biewener SUMMARY The goal of this study is to explore how swimming animals produce the wide range of performance that is seen across their natural behaviors. In vivo recordings of plantaris longus muscle length change were obtained by sonomicrometry. Simultaneous...

..., University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA (e-mail: mcgowac@colorado.edu ) † Deceased 30 1 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 locomotion hopping muscle electromyography sonomicrometry vastus lateralis biceps femoris The world in which animals live...

... follows small amounts of initial stretching. And in horses, while the vastus strain trajectory is complex, it is characterized mainly by shortening during stance. In this study, we use sonomicrometry and electromyography to study the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris of goats,with three goals in mind...

... in fishes. The lateral hypaxial musculature (LHM) of salamanders is less anatomically complex and therefore a good system for exploring the basic mechanics of segmented musculature. Here, we derive a mathematical model of the LHM and test our model using sonomicrometry and electromyography during steady...

... speed, time of contact (and duty factor) decreases,compounding the need for additional motor recruitment. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: sjwickler@csupomona.edu ) 22 12 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 Locomotion quadruped sonomicrometry muscle...

... and vastus lateralis were measured with sonomicrometry and length changes of the muscle-tendon units were estimated from muscle architecture and joint kinematics for four horses trotting on a treadmill at nine speeds. Because the focus of this study was the relation between length changes of the muscle...

...Arya Soman; Tyson L. Hedrick; Andrew A. Biewener SUMMARY Regional fascicle strains were recorded in vivo from the pectoralis of carneau pigeons using sonomicrometry during level slow flight,together with regional electromyography (EMG) and deltopectoral crest (DPC)strain measurements of whole...

...Andrew M. Carroll SUMMARY Activation and strain in the sternohyoideus (SH) were measured in vivo in five largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides . The SH is thought to actuate lower jaw depression, hyoid depression and suspensorial abduction during suction feeding in teleost fish. Sonomicrometry...

... phase work sonomicrometry gastrocnemius digital flexor guinea fowl Numida meleagris Animal limb function must meet the varying mechanical demands of locomotion. In addition to generating force to support body weight, muscles must also produce or absorb energy when animals move over...