... prediction of insect susceptibility to climate change ( Williams et al., 2014 ). Critical thermal minimum Osmotic homeostasis Sodium pump Water balance © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 24 10 2014 1 12 2014 Competing interests The authors declare...

... for the weak carbonate anions (>50 mmol l –1 )in the lumen ( Turbeck et al.,1968 ) (for reviews, see Harvey and Wieczorek, 1997 ; Wieczorek et al., 1999 ) which together generate the high pH. proton pump H + V-ATPase sodium pump Na + /K + P-ATPase cation exchanger NHE NHA AgNHA1 (Na...

...Nishad Jayasundara; David W. Towle; Dirk Weihrauch; Céline Spanings-Pierrot SUMMARY The sodium pump (Na + /K + -ATPase) has been implicated in osmoregulatory ion transport in many aquatic animals. In the euryhaline hyper–hypoosmoregulating shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus ,induction of Na + /K...

.... L. and Brand, M. D. ( 1990 ). Control of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in isolated rat liver cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 192 , 355 -362. Couture, P. and Hulbert, A. J ( 1995a ). On the relationship between body mass, tissue metabolic rate and sodium pump activity in mammalian liver...

..., is known as the sodium pump and is responsible for maintenance of this Na + gradient. The in vivo activity of the sodium pump is estimated to be responsible for approximately 20 % of the resting metabolic rate of humans and rats, with its importance varying amongst tissues and being as high as 50–60...