... of a similar body mass. They also show an age-related metabolic decline. Aging Energetics Field metabolic rate Marine mammal Metabolism Senescence Duke University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006510 International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association Marine mammals...

.... , Cristiano , F. , Iannello , R. , Bladier , C. , Kelner , M. J. and Kola , I. ( 1996 ). Elevation in the ratio of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase to glutathione peroxidase activity induces features of cellular senescence and this effect is mediated by hydrogen peroxide . Hum. Mol. Genet...

... senescence in this population. Additionally, we detected mixed evidence for a trade-off between reproduction and immune health. * Present address: Biology Department, Luther College, 700 College Drive, Decorah, IA 52101, USA. ‡ Author for correspondence ( jjudson@iastate.edu ) Competing...

... the mechanistic basis of fitness costs. Fourth, I propose the ‘redox signalling hypothesis’ of life history to complement the current ‘oxidative stress hypothesis’ of life history. The latter states that oxidative damage underlies trade-offs because it affects traits like growth, reproduction or cell senescence...

... and accelerated aging. We contrasted markers of oxidative damage with antioxidant profiles across age and sex for propulsive (longissismus dorsi) and maneuvering (pectoralis) muscles of Weddell seals to determine whether previously observed morphological senescence is associated with oxidative stress...

... analyses in other tissues demonstrate that these molecular changes are not generalized markers of senescence, but instead, specific features of the optic glands. Our study expands the classic optic gland–pituitary gland analogy and more specifically, it indicates that, rather than a single ‘self-destruct...

..., manipulated using incubation temperature, results in shorter telomere length at hatching in a wild bird species, the common tern. Ageing Embryonic development Cell division Life-history trade-off Lifespan Senescence A trade-off between individual growth rate and lifespan is a fundamental...

...Joseph W. Margotta; Stephen P. Roberts; Michelle M. Elekonich ABSTRACT Frequent and highly aerobic behaviors likely contribute to naturally occurring stress, accelerate senescence and limit lifespan. To understand how the physiological and cellular mechanisms that determine the onset and duration...

... may underlie cohort effects often observed in natural populations and may mechanistically link early-life stress and later-life performance. Telomere length Life-history evolution Senescence Telomere dynamics Cohort effects One of the principal aims of evolutionary ecology...

...Steven J. Lane; W. Anthony Frankino; Michelle M. Elekonich; Stephen P. Roberts The effects of flight behavior on physiology and senescence may be profound in insects because of the extremely high metabolic costs of flight. Flight capacity in insects decreases with age; in contrast, limiting flight...

... directly causes somatic damage. Oxidative stress, an overproduction of reactive oxygen species in relation to cellular defences, can correlate with reproductive investment and has been implicated as a pathway leading to senescence. This has led to the suggestion that this aspect of physiology could...

... the transition between short-lived and extremely long-lived phenotypes with negligible senescence. Among honey bee workers, short to intermediate lifespans are typical for summer castes, while the winter caste can live up to 10 times longer. For summer castes, experimental interventions could predictably...

... of the Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ). Measurements of MR peak showed significant repeatability. Senescence occurred only shortly before death. RMR showed a U-shaped relationship with age and very low repeatability. Intraspecific association between metabolic rates and lifespan was tested under...

...Christina C. Tolfsen; Nicholas Baker; Claus Kreibich; Gro V. Amdam SUMMARY Honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) senesce within 2 weeks after they discontinue nest tasks in favour of foraging. Foraging involves metabolically demanding flight, which in houseflies ( Musca domestica ) and fruit flies...

...F. Wolschin; D. Münch; G. V. Amdam SUMMARY Among insects, learning is particularly well studied in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the honeybee Apis mellifera . A senescence-dependent decline in classic pavlovian conditioning is demonstrated for both species. To understand how aging...

... ). Morphological senescence and longevity: an experiment relating wing wear and life span in foraging wild bumble bees. J. Anim. Ecol. 61 , 225 -231. Chai, P., Chen, J. S. C. and Dudley, R. ( 1997 ). Transient hovering performance of hummingbirds under conditions of maximal loading. J. Exp. Biol. 200...

... 2007 2007 ageing basal metabolic rate body condition disposable soma theory diurnal rhythm long-lived seabirds oxidative stress hypothesis Pagodroma nivea senescence Ageing (or senescence) is a decline in physiological functioning with age accompanied by a decrease...

... extension senescence Blastogenesis, which in some colonial tunicate species is a cyclical and synchronized organogenesis process, is an indispensable developmental operation in modular organisms. This phenomenon is particularly important in the life history of the botryllid ascidians (Family...

... in the periphery and in the central nervous system of cockroaches and stress the importance of multi-level approaches to the study of locomotion. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: alr17@cwru.edu ) 8 9 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 senescence walking arthropod...