... . 10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00022-2 Sollid , J. and Nilsson , G. E. ( 2006 ). Plasticity of respiratory structures — Adaptive remodeling of fish gills induced by ambient oxygen and temperature . Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 154 , 241 - 251 . 10.1016/j.resp.2006.02.006 Sollid...

... detrimental if experienced at another, as a result of seasonal acclimation. Temperature is the most critical variable as it affects most aspects of an organism's physiology. To address this, we quantified arm regeneration and respiration in the Australian brittle star Ophionereis schayeri for 10 weeks...

... owing to plastic changes in physiology. Hypoxia Gill remodelling Respiration Phenotypic plasticity Mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity creates a fundamental...

...-oxygenated water for cutaneous respiration. Most of the few documented examples of four-stroke breathing among sarcopterygians are fully aquatic salamanders that lack robust gills, such as Cryptobranchus and Amphiuma , which apparently take advantage of a second two-stroke cycle to decrease the mixing...

... of convective gas exchange will be greater the smaller the insect ( Kestler, 1984 ). Insect respiration is most easily monitored through measurement of CO 2 release, and three major respiratory patterns have been identified: discontinuous, cyclic or continuous gas exchange. Whereas some insects release CO...

... in the range 5–30°C on respiration rates of isolated cardiac mitochondria from rainbow trout ( Oncorhync h us mykiss ) studied by high-resolution respirometry and spectrophotometric enzyme activity assays. Arrhenius breakpoint temperature analysis indicated that mitochondrial respiration rates under...

... are associated with a plastic reduction of water loss rates in temperate terrestrial lungless salamanders exposed to warm temperatures. C-value Cell size Metabolism Respiration Evaporation Plethodontidae Natural selection operates on individual organisms by acting on all their functional...

...B. L. Coggins; C. E. Anderson; R. Hasan; A. C. Pearson; M. N. Ekwudo; J. R. Bidwell; L. Y. Yampolsky ABSTRACT Respiration rates of ectothermic organisms are affected by environmental temperatures, and sustainable metabolism at high temperatures sometimes limits heat tolerance. Organisms...

...., 2013 ). However, the species that has been best characterized in terms of respiration dynamics and energetic cost in different situations is the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus ( Bradley et al., 2003 ; Contreras and Bradley, 2009 , 2010 ; Rolandi et al., 2014 ; Heinrich and Bradley, 2014 ; Leis et...

... performance suggest that these organelles may play a role in shaping thermal limits at the organismal level. Mitochondria Temperature Thermal tolerance CT max Performance Respiration As with all biochemical reactions, mitochondrial processes are profoundly influenced by temperature...

... and other animals selected for long-distance running convergently evolved adaptations to augment diaphragmatic breathing with thoracic movements. Respiration Thorax Human evolution Ribcage Bipedalism Endurance running Humans differ from other non-human primates, including chimpanzees...

...Lucia F. Jacobs; Basil el Jundi; Almut Kelber; Barbara Webb ABSTRACT One of the outstanding questions in evolution is why Homo erectus became the first primate species to evolve the external pyramid, i.e. an external nose. The accepted hypothesis for this trait has been its role in respiration...

... intake Phocoena Respiration As apex predators in the marine environment, cetaceans exert a major top-down control on trophic energy cascades and facilitate nutrient recycling ( Katona and Whitehead, 1988 ; Roman et al., 2014 ). Yet, specific quantification of the ecological impact...

... to green iguanas, where ventilation is dominated by the true ribs. Varanus Respiration Trunk Squamata Costal movement What is the relationship between the design of the lung and the trunk in vertebrates? The use of costal inspiration and expiration is likely to be the basal condition...

... Bradley , T. ( 2000 ). The discontinuous gas exchange cycle in insects may serve to reduce oxygen supply to the tissues . Am. Zool.   40 , 952 . Buck , J. , Keister , M. and Specht , H. ( 1953 ). Discontinuous respiration in diapausing Agapema pupae . Anat. Rec.   117 , 541...

... -ATPase activity in turtle (Trachemys scripta) heart . J. Exp. Biol.   216 , 3283 - 3293 . 10.1242/jeb.087155 Galli , G. L. J. and Richards , J. G. ( 2012 ). The effect of temperature on mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized cardiac fibres from the freshwater turtle, Trachemys...

... Kirsch , R. and Nonnotte , G. ( 1977 ). Cutaneous respiration in three freshwater teleosts . Resp. Physiol.   29 , 339 - 354 . 10.1016/0034-5687(77)90008-1 Li , G. , Xie , H. , He , D. and Luo , Y. ( 2016 ). Effects of body chemical components on the allometric...

... , integrating both gene expression and organism-level (respiration and calcification) metrics. We exposed pteropods to over-saturated, near-saturated or under-saturated conditions and sampled individuals at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure to test for the effect of duration. We found that calcification...

... neuron deletion affects respiration, resulting in higher breathing frequency and decreased tidal volume. But subsequent exposure to a moderate hypoxic challenge ( F i O 2 =0.12; 10 min) revealed that both mutant mice hyperventilate more than controls. Hoxa5 flox/flox ; Dermo1 +/Cre mice showed augmented...

... Snyder , L. R. G. , Born , S. and Lechner , A. J. ( 1982 ). Blood oxygen affinity in high- and low-altitude populations of the deer mouse . Respir. Physiol.   48 , 89 - 105 . 10.1016/0034-5687(82)90052-4 Storz , J. F. , Runck , A. M. , Moriyama , H. , Weber , R. E...