...: Domesticated honeybees have developed strategies at the mitochondrial level to stay active and keep the hive warm during winter, and during this stressful period, their immune system is enhanced. Metabolism Seasonal transition Immune system Phagocytosis Substrate oxidation Natural Sciences...

... of microglial cells with Griffonia simplicifolia lectin (GSL) histochemistry revealed that photoreceptor cell death alerts microglia in the degenerating retina, leading to local proliferation, migration towards the injured outer nuclear layer (ONL), and enhanced phagocytosis of photoreceptor debris. During...

... blocked the inhibitory effect of dyn A (1–17) on phagocytosis. Moreover, the involvement of selective opioid receptors was investigated using selective opioid receptor antagonists. CTAP and naltrindole, selective μ- and δ-opioid receptor blockers, respectively, failed to block the inhibitory effect of dyn...

...Heidi K. Grønlien; Bjarne Hagen; Olav Sand SUMMARY Ciliates feed by phagocytosis. Some ciliate species, such as Tetrahymena vorax , are polymorphic, a strategy that provides more flexible food utilization. Cells of the microstomal morph of T. vorax feed on bacteria, organic particles and organic...

.... Neurosci. 4 , 105 -117. Ballarin, L. and Burighel, P. ( 2006 ). RGD-containing molecules induce macropinocytosis in ascidian hyaline amoebocytes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 91 , 124 -130. Ballarin, L., Scanferla, M., Cima, F. and Sabbadin, A. ( 2002 ). Phagocyte spreading and phagocytosis...

..., to the role of phagocytic cells in the coordination of death and clearance signals in blastogenesis. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: buki@ocean.org.il ) * Equal contribution to the manuscript 21 4 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 apoptosis phagocytosis...

... haemocyte membrane oxidative activity phagocytosis polyunsaturated fatty acids Crassostrea gigas Ruditapes philippinarum The internal defence system of molluscs consists of both cellular and humoral immunity. The haemocytes, which are the most important cells involved in internal defence...

...Heidi K. Grønlien; Trond Berg; Arne M. Løvlie SUMMARY Ciliates use phagocytosis to acquire edible particles. The polymorphic ciliate Tetrahymena vorax appears in two forms (`microstomes' and`macrostomes'). Transformation of microstomes into macrostomes takes place in the presence of the ciliate...

... employed as test particles to prove that thrombocytes internalise bacteria via an active process and not simply by passive sequestration into the open canalicular system. Preincubation of bacteria with trout fibrinogen resulted in a significant increase in the number of thrombocytes exhibiting phagocytosis...

... burst response by measurement of the production of the reactive oxygen intermediates O 2 ∸ and H 2 O 2 . Both cell types showed very active in vitro phagocytosis and production of both O 2 ∸ and H 2 O 2 . When activated with phorbol myristate acetate or bacteria, it was evident that the neutrophilic...