...Fredrik Andreasson; Arne Hegemann; Andreas Nord; Jan-Åke Nilsson ABSTRACT The capacity to get rid of excess heat produced during hard work is a possible constraint on parental effort during reproduction [heat dissipation limit (HDL) theory]. We released hard-working blue tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus...

... and snow petrel Pagodroma nivea . We used our data to assess parental effort and, together with literature values on nestling growth and resting metabolic rate, to construct and partition nestling energy budgets. Nestling total energy expenditure and peak daily metabolic rate were significantly higher than...

... © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 field metabolic rate reproductive effort parental effort white-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys If parental working capacity is the primary determinant of reproductive effort (RE) ( sensu Hirshfield and Tinkle, 1975...