... mechanism underlying the evolution of vision in recent diurnal–nocturnal transition is poorly understood. Here, we focus on hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) to address this question by investigating five nocturnal and five diurnal species. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis and identified opsin genes...

... investigating vision and navigation. However, little is known about the molecular and anatomical basis of their visual system. We addressed this knowledge gap here and behaviourally tested achromatic and chromatic acuity. In terms of visual opsins, R. aculeatus possessed one rod opsin gene ( RH1 ) and at least...

...- and UV-sensitive photoreceptors in larvae of the Caribbean stomatopod species Neogonodactylus oerstedii . Transcriptomes of individual larvae were used to identify the expression of three distinct UV opsin mRNA transcripts, which may indicate the presence of multiple UV spectral channels...

...Doron G. Hickey; Wayne I. L. Davies; Steven Hughes; Jessica Rodgers; Navamayooran Thavanesan; Robert E. MacLaren; Mark W. Hankins ABSTRACT Human opsin-based photopigments have great potential as light-sensitisers, but their requirement for phototransduction cascade-specific second messenger...

.... We also found a ∼25 nm diurnal shift in spectral sensitivity towards longer wavelengths in the evening in both ERG and intracellular recordings. Whether the shift is caused by screening pigment migration or changes in opsin expression remains unclear, but the observation shows the diel dynamism...

.... pumilio SWS and MWS opsins and those of related nocturnal species (mice and rats) whose SWS opsins are maximally sensitive in the near-UV. We continued to assess in vivo spectral sensitivity of cone vision using electroretinography and multi-channel recordings from the visual thalamus. These revealed...

.... brevirostris changes primarily during the transition from the larval to the juvenile stage, with only minor modifications thereafter. Similarly, visual gene (opsin) expression based on RNA sequencing, although qualitatively similar between stages (all fish mainly expressed the same three cone opsins; SWS2B...

... ). The hypothalamic photoreceptors regulating seasonal reproduction in birds: a prime role for VA opsin . Front. Neuroendocrinol.   37 , 13 - 28 . 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.11.001 Gehring , W. and Rosbash , M. ( 2003 ). The coevolution of blue-light photoreception and circadian rhythms . J. Mol. Evol...

... by initial transient hyperpolarization followed by prolonged delayed depolarization. To explore the basis for these findings, we used RNA interference to selectively suppress expression of the genes encoding green opsin (GO1), UV opsin (UVO) or both. The hyperpolarizing component in UV-sensitive...

... neuroanatomy in comparison to other pancrustaceans for processing color vision, yet they maintain four opsin-based spectral classes in their compound eyes. Pancrustacea Behavior Color vision Electroretinography Opsin Many animals that possess fine-scale color discrimination have four or more...

... visual opsins in their compound eyes. We asked whether two branchiopods, Triops longicaudatus and Streptocephalus mackini , use multiple spectral channels to regulate their position in the water column. At the lowest intensities that elicited photonegative behavior, both species had broad spectral...

... composition. However, visual capabilities are restricted by both space limitations set by eye size and by the genomic content of light-absorbing opsin genes. The rich array of visual opsins in teleosts may be used differentially to tune vision towards specific needs during ontogeny and to changing light. Yet...

... objects or living organisms, or in signals displayed by conspecifics. UV visual pigments are based on opsins, the same family of proteins that are used to detect light in conventional photoreceptors. Despite some interesting exceptions, most animal species have a single photoreceptor class devoted...

...-PCR) experiments show developmental changes of the dottyback visual system, including the use of a novel adult-specific visual gene ( RH2 opsin). This gene is likely to be co-expressed with other visual pigments to form broad spectral sensitivities that cover the medium-wavelength part of the visible...

...Kyle J. McCulloch; Daniel Osorio; Adriana D. Briscoe ABSTRACT Most butterfly families expand the number of spectrally distinct photoreceptors in their compound eye by opsin gene duplications together with lateral filter pigments; however, most nymphalid genera have limited diversity, with only...

... that all show minimal UV reflectance. Here, we determine the cone photoreceptor spectral sensitivities and opsin expression of the two lineages, to test whether they differ, particularly in the UV wavelengths. Using microspectrophotometry on retinal cone photoreceptors, we identified a long-wavelength...

... the other was used for molecular techniques to isolate and characterize the opsin genes. Collected tissues were dissected from the bird and either placed on ice until use (for spectral measurements) or immersed in either ethanol (muscle tissue) or RNAlater (retinal tissue; Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA...

... it an ideal candidate for intraspecific differences in spectral sensitivity. Here, the visual pigments of P. elegans were fully characterised through molecular sequencing of five visual opsin genes and measurement of their absorbance spectra using microspectrophotometry. Three of the genes, LWS , SW1 and SWS2...

... enhances filtering by the red screening pigment in the eye of the eastern pale clouded yellow butterfly, Colias erate (Pieridae) . J. Exp. Biol.   212 , 2057 - 2064 . Awata   H. , Wakakuwa   M. , Arikawa   K. ( 2009 ). Evolution of color vision in pierid butterflies: blue opsin...

...Morten Moldrup; Anders Garm SUMMARY The dinoflagellate Kryptoperidinium foliaceum possesses one of the largest eyespots among the autotrophic dinoflagellates. Until now they were believed to be negatively phototactic using a non-opsin photopigment. Here we provide evidence that in newly established...