... and their power output should be consistent with known muscle properties if the total duration of muscle activity is known. Using the Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis , I measured jumping performance from kinematics and used EMG measurements of three major jumping muscles to determine the duration...

... production. The force-rate cost could contribute substantially to the overall cost of movements that require cyclic muscle activation, such as locomotion. References Abbott , B. C. , Bigland , B. and Ritchie , J. M. ( 1952 ). The physiological cost of negative work . J. Physiol...

... Sarcomere length instability Sarcomere length dispersion Muscle activation Residual force enhancement Skeletal muscles are made of billions of micrometer-sized sarcomeres that are organized within a complex structural network of connective tissue. Sarcomeres are the basic building blocks...

... joint velocity calculated using the slack test method increased whereas V F decreased with muscle activation level ( P ≤0.03). Passive and low-level quick releases elicited higher V F values (≥41.8±10.7 cm s −1 ) compared with the ballistic condition (36.3±8.7 cm s −1 ), while quick releases applied...

..., is activated upon Ca 2+ influx in skeletal muscle. Titin Connectin Muscle activation Muscular dystrophy with myositis ( mdm ) Elastic recoil Muscle stiffness increases ∼3-fold from the passive state to maximum isometric force ( Campbell and Moss, 2002 ). When muscles are activated...

...Sina David; Johannes Funken; Wolfgang Potthast; Alexander Blanke ABSTRACT Insects show a great variety of mouthpart and muscle configurations; however, knowledge of their mouthpart kinematics and muscle activation patterns is fragmentary. Understanding the role of muscle groups during movement...

... that muscles produce to power locomotor movement. In vivo contraction Fascicle strain Muscle-tendon force Muscle activation Muscle-tendon architecture At the level of myofibril and sarcomere organization, the underlying machinery of vertebrate striated muscle is highly conserved in terms...

... of the sandfish during walking, burial and swimming, here we use high-speed X-ray and visible light imaging with synchronized electromyogram (EMG) recordings of epaxial muscle activity. While moving on the surface, body undulation was not observed and EMG showed no muscle activation. During subsurface sand...

... with locating, capturing and handling these pelagic sharks, it took two years to successfully complete experiments on 10 individuals. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: jdonley@ucsd.edu ) 29 3 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 muscle activation strain swimming...

... of the fish. This study was then extended to include a different species of salmonid, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis , to explore the generality of TnT modulation of muscle activation. Muscle contractile properties were determined from anterior and posterior muscle, and relative expression of S1 and S2...

..., to ±4.8% in the posterior body position. Strain was in-phase with local midline curvature. In addition, strain amplitude calculated from a bending beam model closely matched strain measured using sonomicrometry at all three body positions. There is a high degree of similarity in red muscle activation...

...Boris I. Prilutsky; Robert J. Gregor SUMMARY There has been no consistent explanation as to why humans prefer changing their gait from walking to running and from running to walking at increasing and decreasing speeds, respectively. This study examined muscle activation as a possible determinant...

... 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 muscle activation muscle strain electromyography tuna Katsuwonus pelamis swimming red muscle sonomicrometry The axial muscle that powers undulatory swimming in fishes is complex in structure as well as dynamic function...